Image-shake correcting device for detecting vibration frequency and for changing vibration characteristics

ABSTRACT

An image-shake correcting device includes a vibration sensor for detecting a vibration of an apparatus, a correcting member for correcting a movement of an image due to a vibration, a first controlling circuit for controlling the correcting member on the basis of an output of the vibration sensor and driving the correcting member in a direction in which the movement of the image is corrected, a detecting circuit for detecting a frequency and an amplitude of the vibration from the output of the vibration sensor, and a second controlling circuit for controlling a characteristic of the first controlling circuit on the basis of an output of the detecting circuit.

This application is a continuation, of application Ser. No. 08/638,319,abandoned Apr. 26, 1996, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 08/490,513,filed Jun. 14, 1995, abandoned, which is a continuation of Ser. No.08/118,803 filed Sep. 8, 1993, abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an image-shake correcting devicesuitable for use in a photographic apparatus such as a camera.

2. Description of the Related Art

In the field of photographic apparatus such as cameras, variousphotographic functions, such as exposure setting and focus adjustment,have heretofore been automated, and a greater number of functions havebeen incorporated into a single camera. Accordingly, photographers canenjoy photography at any time irrespective of photographic environments.

In spite of many innovations made in this art, there is the problem thatthe quality of a photographic image is often remarkably impaired by acamera shake during actual photography. In recent years, variousimage-shake correcting devices have been proposed and receiving muchattention.

Although various forms of image-shake correcting devices are considered,they are generally classified into several types in terms of the kind ofcorrecting system or detecting system used therein. One type ofimage-shake correcting device uses a correction system for opticallycorrecting an image shake, and another type uses a correction system forelectrically correcting an image shake by using image processing. Yetanother type uses a detecting system for physically detecting avibration, while a further type uses a detecting system for detecting amotion vector or the like of an image by image processing.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing one example of a proposed image-shakecorrecting device. Referring to FIG. 1, a gyro (angular-velocity sensor)1 is mounted in the body of a photographic apparatus such as a camera,and is arranged to physically detect a vibration applied to thephotographic apparatus, in the form of an angular velocity and output anangular-velocity signal. A DC-cut high-pass filter 2 (hereinafterreferred to the “HPF”) is provided for eliminating a direct-currentcomponent from the angular-velocity signal outputted from theangular-velocity sensor 1, thereby causing only a vibration component topass through the HPF 2. An integrator 3 is provided for integrating thevibration component passing through the HPF 2, computing an averagevalue of the vibration component, and outputting an angular-velocitysignal. The angular-velocity signal serves as an evaluation valueindicative of the vibration of the phothotograhic apparatus.

A variable-angle prism (hereinafter referred to as the “VAP”) 9 includestwo transparent parallel plates 91 and 92 which are opposed to eachother, and an elastic substance or inactive liquid 93 made from atransparent material of high refractive index is hermetically enclosedin the space between the transparent parallel plates 91 and 92. Thespace between the transparent parallel plates 91 and 92 are elasticallysealed around the external circumference thereof by a sealing material94, such as a resin film, so that the transparent parallel plates 91 and92 are relatively swingably arranged. By varying the relative angle madeby the two transparent parallel plates 91 and 92 by means of amechanical driving produced by an actuator 7, the apex angle of the VAP9 is made to vary, thereby varying the angle of incidence of a lightflux upon a lens unit 10. The state of driving of the VAP 9, i.e., theapex angle, is detected by an apex angle sensor 8 as a displacementangle relative to the position at which the two transparent parallelplates 91 and 92 are parallel to each other.

The arrangement shown in FIG. 1 also includes an adder 4 for performingan opposite-polarity addition (subtraction) of the output signal of theapex angle sensor 8 to the angular-displacement signal outputted fromthe integrator 3, an amplifier 5 for amplifying the output signal of theadder 4, and a driving circuit 6 for converting the output signal of theamplifier 5 into a driving signal to be applied to the actuator 7 fordriving the VAP 9.

More specifically, in the adder 4, the angular-displacement signalobtained by causing the integrator 3 to average the vibration componentdetected by the angular-velocity sensor 1 is subtracted from the amountof variation of the apex angle of the VAP 9 which is outputted from theapex angle sensor 8, thus preparing the difference therebetween. Theamplifier 5 and the driving circuit 6 control the actuator 7 to drivethe VAP 9 in the direction in which the difference is made “0”. Theresultant displacement of the apex angle of the VAP 9 is detected by theapex angle sensor 8 and supplied to the adder 4.

Accordingly, a closed loop is formed which starts with the adder 4,passes through the amplifier 5, the driving circuit 6, the actuator 7,the VAP 9 and the apex angle sensor 8, and returns to the adder 4. TheVAP 9 is controlled so that the output signal of the adder 4 is made“0”, i.e., the angular-displacement signal supplied from the integrator3 and the signal indicative of the apex angle, outputted from the apexangle sensor 8, coincide with each other at all times. Thus, image-shakecorrection can be effected.

The light flux the angle of incidence of which has been changed by theVAP 9 is focused on the image pickup surface of an image pickup device11, such as a CCD, by the lens unit 10, and an image pickup signalobtained by photoelectrically converting the incident light flux isoutputted from the image pickup device 11.

The aforesaid variable angle prism is arranged to deflect the opticalaxis by varying its apex angle. Accordingly, the variable angle prismvaries the apex angle according to a vibration applied to thephotographic apparatus, thereby deflecting the optical axis so that theoptical axis is made stable with respect to the image pickup device toeffect stabilization of an incident image. Therefore, what is requiredfor the mechanical driving method for varying the apex angle of the VAPis to incline the apex angle so that the optical axis is stablydeflected in accordance with a control signal.

However, the above-described image-shake correcting device has a numberof problems which will be described below.

FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b) show the frequency characteristics of the vibrationcomponent outputted from the HPF 2 when a vibration of constantamplitude is applied to a photographic apparatus including theimage-shake correcting device of FIG. 1 which uses an existing type ofangular-velocity sensor. FIG. 2(a) shows a gain characteristic, and FIG.2(b) shows a phase characteristic.

Referring to the frequency characteristics of the vibration component ofa vibration whose frequency is 10 Hz, the gain at 10 Hz is approximately0 dB and no vibration component is detected, so that it may seem that asufficient image stabilization effect is attained. However, thecorresponding phase shown in FIG. 2(b) exhibits a deviation ofapproximately 7.5 degrees. Assuming that the frequency characteristicsof an image correcting system (the VAP and the like) are ideal (i.e., again of 0 dB and no phase deviation over the entire image-shakecorrection frequency range), if an image stabilization effect, which isinfluenced by a phase deviation occurring in the vibration detectingsystem due to the phase deviation of 7.5 degrees, is calculated on thebasis of Equation “20 log(OUT/IN)=G (gain)”, it is understood that theaforesaid vibration is suppressed to ⅛.

In the above-described case, during normal photography, it is possibleto achieve a sufficiently high, image stabilization effect. However, ifa vibration of frequency in the neighborhood of 10 Hz is continuouslyapplied to the photographic apparatus for a long time, the vibration maybecome steady to a visually perceptible extent.

In other words, if the photographic apparatus is exposed to a continuousvibration occurring in the frequency range in which no sufficient,vibration suppression effect can be achieved by the existingangular-velocity sensors, it is impossible to completely correct animage shake if the applied vibration reaches a certain magnitude.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A first object of the present invention which has been made to solve theabove-described problems is to provide an image-shake correcting devicecapable of realizing sufficient image-shake correction characteristicsat all times under any condition.

A second object of the present invention is to provide an image-shakecorrecting device capable of setting optimum image stabilizationcharacteristics at all times according to the state of a vibrationapplied to an apparatus.

A third object of the present invention is to provide a stable andhighly reliable, image-shake correcting device which produces noimage-shake correction error even in the case of correction of avibration which continues for a long time.

To achieve the above objects, according to one aspect of the presentinvention, there is provided an imageshake correcting device whichincludes vibration detecting means for detecting a vibration of anapparatus, correcting means for correcting an image shake due to thevibration, according to an output of the vibration detecting means,frequency detecting means for detecting a frequency of the vibration,and controlling means for changing frequency characteristics of thecorrecting means on the basis of an output of the frequency detectingmeans.

According to the above-described image-shake correcting device, thecenter frequency of the vibration applied to a photographic apparatusincluding the image-shake correcting device is detected, and a phasedeviation is corrected by varying a phase characteristic according tothe detected center frequency. Therefore, it is possible to effectsufficient image-shake correction according to the frequency of thevibration without involving a phase deviation in the primary frequencyrange of the vibration.

By correcting a gain characteristic as well as the phase characteristic,it is possible to achieve a further improvement. In this case, it ispossible to eliminate both a phase deviation and a gain deviation in theprimary frequency range of a vibration, whereby it is possible to effectsufficient image-shake correction according to the frequency of thevibration.

A fourth object of the present invention is to improve the detectionaccuracy of a vibration detecting device and to simplify the arrangementthereof.

A fifth object of the present invention is to makes it possible tooptimumly set the control characteristics of a vibration detectingsystem and an image-shake correcting system during panning or tilting.

The above and other objects, features and advantages of the presentinvention will become apparent from the following detailed descriptionof preferred embodiments of the present invention, taken in conjunctionwith the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the arrangement of a related-artimage-shake correcting device;

FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b) are views showing the frequency characteristics ofan angular-velocity sensor used in the related-art image-shakecorrecting device;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a first embodiment of an image-shakecorrecting device according to the present invention;

FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b) are views showing frequency characteristics obtainedby correcting the characteristics of an angular-velocity sensor used inthe first embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a frequency characteristic chart showing the vibrationsuppression effect obtained in the first embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a second embodiment of the image-shakecorrecting device according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a third embodiment of the image-shakecorrecting device according to the present invention;

FIGS. 8(a) and 8(b) show a flowchart and a data table which serve toexplain the third embodiment of the image-shake correcting deviceaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the image-shakecorrecting device according to the present invention;

FIGS. 10(a) and 10(b) are views showing frequency characteristicsobtained by correcting the characteristics of an angular-velocity sensorused in the fourth embodiment;

FIG. 11 is a frequency characteristic chart showing the vibrationsuppression effect obtained in the fourth embodiment;

FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a fifth embodiment of the image-shakecorrecting device according to the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a flowchart which serves to explain the fifth embodiment ofthe image-shake correcting device according to the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a view showing a data table used in the fifth embodiment ofthe image-shake correcting device according to the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a sixth embodiment of the image-shakecorrecting device according to the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a flowchart which serves to explain the sixth embodiment ofthe image-shake correcting device according to the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a view showing an arrangement example of a digital filterused in the sixth embodiment of the image-shake correcting deviceaccording to the present invention;

FIGS. 18(a) and 18(b) are views showing frequency characteristicsobtained by correcting the detection characteristics of anangular-velocity sensor used in the sixth embodiment;

FIG. 19 is a frequency characteristic chart showing the vibrationsuppression effect obtained in the sixth embodiment;

FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing a seventh embodiment of theimage-shake correcting device according to the present invention;

FIG. 21 is a block diagram which serves to explain an eighth embodimentof the present invention, and shows the basic arrangement of animage-shake correcting device;

FIG. 22 is a block diagram showing the eighth embodiment of theimage-shake correcting device according to the present invention;

FIG. 23 is a flowchart which serves to explain a control operationexecuted in the eighth embodiment;

FIG. 24 is a flowchart which serves to explain a vibration frequencydetecting operation executed in the eighth embodiment;

FIGS. 25(a) and 25(b) are respectively gain and phase characteristiccharts which serve to explain the operation of the image-shakecorrecting device according to the present invention;

FIGS. 26(a) and 26(b) are respectively gain and phase characteristiccharts which serve to explain the operation of the image-shakecorrecting device according to the present invention;

FIG. 27 is a frequency characteristic chart showing the vibrationsuppression characteristic of the image-shake correcting deviceaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 28 is a diagram showing an example in which a VAP is employed asimage-shake correcting means and a voice-coil type actuator is employedas a driving system;

FIG. 29 is a block diagram showing a driving circuit for an image-shakecorrecting means using the VAP of FIG. 28;

FIG. 30 is a diagram showing an example in which the VAP is employed asimage-shake correcting means and a stepping motor is employed as adriving system;

FIG. 31 is a block diagram showing a driving circuit for an image-shakecorrecting means using the VAP of FIG. 30;

FIG. 32 is a view which serves to explain the arrangement and operationof the VAP of FIG. 28 or 30;

FIG. 33 is a view which serves to explain the arrangement and operationof the VAP of FIG. 28 or 30;

FIG. 34 is a block diagram showing an example in which a memory controlsystem for electronically performing image-shake correction is employedas image-shake correcting means;

FIG. 35 is a block diagram showing the arrangement of a ninth embodimentof the image-shake correcting device according to the present invention;

FIG. 36 is a block diagram showing the arrangement of a tenth embodimentof the image-shake correcting device according to the present invention;

FIG. 37 is a flowchart which serves to explain the operation of thetenth embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 38 is a flowchart showing an eleventh embodiment of the image-shakecorrecting device according to the present invention;

FIG. 39 is a block diagram which serves to explain the background oftwelfth and thirteenth embodiments of the present invention, and showsthe basic arrangement of an image-shake correcting device;

FIG. 40 is a flowchart which serves to explain the operation of thearrangement shown in FIG. 39;

FIG. 41 is a block diagram showing the arrangement of the twelfthembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 42 is a flowchart which serves to explain the operation of thetwelfth embodiment, shown in FIG. 41, of the present invention; and

FIG. 43 is a block diagram showing the arrangement of the thirteenthembodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Embodiments of an image-shake correcting device according to the presentinvention will be described below with reference to the accompanyingdrawings.

(First Embodiment)

FIG. 3 is a block diagram schematically showing a first embodiment ofthe image-shake correcting device according to the present invention. InFIG. 3, identical reference numerals are used to denote constituentparts which are substantially identical to those of the related-artexample shown in FIG. 1, and description thereof is omitted.

Similarly to the image-shake correcting device shown in FIG. 1, theimage-shake correcting device shown in FIG. 3 uses a VAP 9 asimage-shake correcting means. In the shown closed-loop control system,an output from an angular-velocity sensor 1 is supplied to an HPF 2′,and the HPF 2′ cuts a direct-current component from the output toprovide a vibration component. An integrator 3 averages the vibrationcomponent to provide an angular-displacement signal, and an adder 4outputs a difference by subtracting the angular-displacement signal fromthe output of an apex angle sensor 8. An actuator 7 is driven to controlthe VAP 9 so that the difference outputted from the adder 4 is made “0”.

The respective arrangements of the actuator 7 for driving the VAP 9 andthe apex angle sensor 8 will be described later in detail. The VAP 9includes two transparent parallel plates 91 and 92, and the transparentplate 91 is turnably supported by a supporting frame 9 a which isarranged to turn about an axis 9 b, so that the apex angle of the VAP 9can be varied.

It is to be noted that the supporting frame 9 a is supported turnablyabout an axis perpendicular to the axis 9 b by a supporting mechanism(not shown) so that a camera shake occurring in either of X and Ydirections can be corrected. Similarly to the actuator 7 and the apexangle sensor 8, an actuator and an apex angle sensor, neither of whichis shown, are provided for coping with the turning motion of thesupporting frame 9 a about the axis perpendicular to the axis 9 b.However, for the sake of convenience of explanation, the followingdescription will refer to only the actuator 7 and the apex angle sensor8 which are provided for coping with the turning motion of thesupporting frame 9 a about the axis 9 b.

The actuator 7 includes a coil 7 a and a magnet 7 b which is mounted ona projection formed integrally with the supporting frame 9 a. When anelectric current is made to flow in the coil 7 a, an electromagneticforce is generated between the coil 7 a and the magnet 7 b, therebyturning the supporting frame 9 a about the axis 9 b so that the apexangle of the VAP 9 is varied. Accordingly, it is possible to control theamount and direction of driving of the VAP 9 by varying the amount ofelectric current to be supplied to the coil 7 a.

The apex angle sensor 8 for detecting the apex angle of the VAP 9includes a light emitting element 8 a, such as an LED, and a lightreceiving element 8 b, such as a PSD, and the light emitting element 8 aand the light receiving element 8 b are respectively disposed above andbelow a slit plate 9 c formed integrally with the supporting frame 9 a.According to a displacement of the apex angle of the VAP 9, the slitplate 9 c moves while moving a slit image on the light receiving element8 b, so that the apex angle of the VAP 9 can be detected.

One feature of the first embodiment, i.e., an arrangement for detectingthe center frequency of a vibration and varying the driving controllingfrequency characteristics of the VAP 9, will be described below.

The HPF 2′ includes a capacitor C₁ and a variable resistor R₁ and hasthe high-pass filter function of eliminating a direct-current componentfrom the output signal of the angular-velocity sensor 1 and passing onlythe vibration component of the signal. The cut-off frequency, i.e., thefrequency characteristics, of the HPF 2′ can be varied by controllingthe variable resistor R₁. The variable resistor R₁ is controlled by amotor which will be described later.

The image-shake correcting device shown in FIG. 3 also includes afrequency detector 12 for detecting the frequency of a vibration appliedto a photographic apparatus which includes the image-shake correctingdevice according to the present invention as a built-in device. Thefrequency detector 12 may be made up of, for example, vibrationdetecting means for detecting a vibration, such as the angular-velocitysensor 1 shown in FIG. 3 or an acceleration sensor, and a frequencycounter for counting the frequency of a vibration component detected bythe vibration detecting means. The frequency counter serves to extractthe vibration component from an output from the acceleration sensor andcount the number of vibrations occurring within a predetermined time, sothat the frequency of the vibration can be detected.

The image-shake correcting device shown in FIG. 3 also includes an F-Vconverter 13 for performing F-V conversion (frequency-voltageconversion) of a vibration frequency signal indicative of a vibrationfrequency detected by the frequency detector 12, and a correctingcircuit 14 for correcting the correlation between the output of the F-Vconverter 13 and the resistance value of a resistor R₂, i.e., thecorrelation between the vibration frequency and the amount ofcorrection. The correcting circuit 14 converts a signal corresponding tothe vibration frequency, which has been converted into a voltage valueby the F-V converter 13, into a signal of voltage level accommodated inthe range of voltage levels for controlling the driving of avariable-resistor controlling motor 16 which will be described later. Amotor driving circuit 15 compares the voltage level corresponding to thevibration frequency, which has been supplied from the correcting circuit14, with a voltage level obtained by dividing a source voltage (notshown) by the variable resistor R₂ interlocked with the variableresistor R₁, and drives the variable-resistor controlling motor 16according to the obtained difference between the voltage levels. Thevariable-resistor controlling motor 16 has a rotating shaft connected tothe rotor of each of the two variable resistors R₁ and R₂, and isarranged to vary the resistance values of the respective variableresistors R₁ and R₂ by the rotation of the rotating shaft.

The resistance value of the variable resistor R₁ of the HPF 2′ isreflected on the variable resistor R₂, and the motor driving circuit 15drives the variable-resistor controlling motor 16 so that the output ofthe correcting circuit 14 and the voltage across the variable resistorR₂ are made equal. In this manner, the resistance value of the variableresistor R₁ in the HPF 2′, i.e., the time constant of the HPF 2′, can bevaried according to the vibration frequency.

In the first embodiment, the amounts of phase deviations which occur atindividual vibration frequencies are obtained on the basis of thefrequency characteristics of the angular-velocity sensor 1 which areshown in FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b), and the correction value of the frequencycharacteristics required to correct a phase deviation occurring at eachof the vibration frequencies, more specifically, the resistance value ofthe variable resistor R₁, can be obtained by a computation. Accordingly,a correspondence relationship between the resistance value of thevariable resistor R₂ and the F-V converter 13 is set by the correctingcircuit 14 so that the rotation of the variable-resistor controllingmotor 16 can be controlled according to the frequency detected by thefrequency detector 12 and a resistance value which serves to correct aphase deviation occurring at the frequency of interest is automaticallyset in the variable resistor R₁. Accordingly, a frequency characteristicis set in the HPF 2′ which is capable of at any time preventing a phasedeviation from occurring if a variation occurs in the vibrationfrequency, so that it is possible to achieve a remarkable, imagestabilization effect irrespective of the vibration frequency.

FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b) show characteristic data about image stabilizationrealized by the first embodiment of the image-shake correcting deviceaccording to the present invention. FIG. 4(a) shows a gaincharacteristic and FIG. 4(b) shows a phase characteristic. FIG. 5 is acharacteristic diagram showing a vibration suppression effect obtainedon the basis of the gain and phase characteristics shown in FIGS. 4(a)and 4(b) (where it is assumed that an image correcting system is anideal system, as described previously).

The characteristic of each of FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b) is selected so thatthe gain at each frequency which crosses a phase angle of 0 degrees isset to 0 dB, where the integrator 3 has a cut-off frequency of 0.07 Hzand the HPF 2′ has a cut-off frequency of 0.06 Hz. In contrast, FIGS.4(a) and 4(b) show the characteristic charts obtained by correctingphase deviations occurring at individual vibration frequencies (selectedat intervals of 1 Hz).

In FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b), characteristic curves indicated by referencenumerals 3 to 10 represent the frequency characteristics obtained bycorrecting phase deviations occurring at vibration frequencies of 3 Hz,4 Hz, 5 Hz, 6 Hz, 7 Hz, 8 Hz, 9 Hz and 10 Hz, respectively. Morespecifically, the curves 3 to 10 represent the characteristic curvesobtained by correcting the respective phase deviations by altering thevalue of the variable resistor R₁ so that the maximum vibrationsuppression effect can be achieved at each of the vibration frequenciesof 3 Hz to 10 Hz by making the respective phase angle 0 degrees. Thefrequency range of 3 Hz to 10 Hz is selected to cope with the range offrequencies of vibrations occurring when photography is performed on avehicle such as an automobile or a train.

As can be seen from FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b), the phase characteristic curveshown in FIG. 2(b) crosses a 0-deg line corresponding to a phasedeviation of “0”, but if a phase delay occurs, even if the gain at thefrequency of interest is 0 dB, no sufficient image stabilization effectcan be achieved as described previously. To cope with this problem, itis preferable to apply correction for making the phase deviation 0degrees at each of the vibration frequencies. The curves 3 to 10 ofFIGS. 4(a) and 4(b) are the characteristic curves obtained by applyingsuch correction.

To realize means for selecting a desired characteristic curve from amongthe characteristic curves, the characteristic curves shown in FIGS. 4(a)and 4(b) are prepared in the HPF 2′ so that a phase advancing correctionfor compensating for a phase delay is applied to a correcting system incorrecting a phase deviation. More specifically, the time constant ofthe HPF 2′ is varied by varying the resistance value of the variableresistor R₁, whereby as the vibration frequency becomes lower, thecut-off frequency of the HPF 2′ is shifted to a lower frequency for thepurpose of phase compensation.

FIG. 5 shows the vibrations suppressed by executing the above-describedcorrection of the phase deviations. The vibration suppression effectshown in FIG. 5 is realized by selecting desired frequencycharacteristics from among the frequency characteristics shown in FIGS.4(a) and 4(b) in accordance with each of the vibration frequencies andexecuting correction corresponding to each of the vibration frequencies.(In this case, it is assumed that the image correcting system is anideal system as described previously.)

Referring to the respective correction effects achieved by correctingthe phase deviations occurring at the individual vibration frequencies,it can be understood that the best result is achieved at each of thevibration frequencies.

As described above, in the case of a continuous vibration, even avibration in the neighborhood of 10 Hz, at which the vibrationsuppression effect achieved by the first embodiment is the smallest, canbe suppressed to {fraction (1/40)} or below owing to the vibrationsuppression effect improved by the first embodiment, compared to thevibration suppression effect of the related art to suppress suchvibration to approximately ⅛.

In the characteristic diagram of FIG. 5, the maximum vibrationsuppression effect (60 dB or more) appears at 3 Hz. This is because, ina simulation, experiments have been conducted with a system whichexhibits a gain of 0 dB at 3 Hz. The variations of the vibrationsuppression effect caused by the variations of the gain characteristiccan be solved by another embodiment of the present invention which willbe described later.

The first embodiment has been described on the assumption that theconstituent elements other than the angular-velocity sensor are idealelements. However, if the characteristic factors of the entire system,such as the response delay of the VAP 9, are taken into account, it ispreferable to adaptively vary the value of the voltage applied to thevariable resistor R₂ or to adaptively alter the setting of thecorrecting circuit 14, so as to shift the setting of the motor drivingcircuit 15 on the basis of an actual measurement.

(Second Embodiment)

FIG. 6 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. The firstembodiment shown in FIG. 3 employs means for varying, according to avibration frequency of interest, the resistance value of the variableresistor R₁ which constitutes part of the HPF 2′ for cutting adirect-current component, thereby setting the image stabilizationcharacteristic so that the maximum vibration suppression effect can beachieved at the vibration frequency of interest. However, an effectsimilar that of the first embodiment can be achieved by using thecircuit arrangement shown in FIG. 6.

The second embodiment differs from the first embodiment of FIG. 1 in thefollowing respect. A capacitor and a resistor which constitute an HPF 2″are formed as a variable capacitor C₂ and a fixed resistor R₃. Thecapacity of the capacitor C₂ is varied according to a vibrationfrequency of interest so that the frequency characteristics of the VAP 9can be controlled to be frequency characteristics corresponding to aphase deviation which is to be corrected in the output.

More specifically, the set value of the variable capacitor C₂ forcorrecting a phase deviation occurring at each vibration frequency isbeforehand obtained on the basis of the frequency characteristics of theangular-velocity sensor 1. By varying the capacity of the variablecapacitor C₂ to a suitable set value on the basis of the output of thefrequency detector 12, any phase deviation in the primary frequencyrange of an applied vibration can be made “0”, whereby it is possible toeffect a satisfactory image-shake correction corresponding to thefrequency of each vibration.

In the above-described arrangement, although the variable capacitor C₂may be controlled by a motor, it may also be electrically controlled byusing a variable diode. In this case, it is preferable that thecorrecting circuit 14 have a correction characteristic suitable not forthe characteristic of the variable resistor R₁ of FIG. 3 but for thecharacteristic of the variable capacitor C₂.

The arrangement of the other constituent elements is similar to thearrangement shown in FIG. 3, and further description thereof is omitted.

(Third Embodiment)

FIG. 7 shows a third embodiment of the present invention.

In each of the first and second embodiments, the phase deviationcorresponding to each of the vibration frequencies is corrected byvarying the frequency characteristics by means of the HPF (2′ or 2″) forcutting a direct-current component. In this arrangement, the signal ofeach of the HPFs 2′ and 2″ of FIGS. 3 and 6 can be directly used as anangular-velocity signal whose phase deviation is corrected.

However, in the case of an angular-velocity sensor having acharacteristic such that only a vibration component can be obtained andthere is no need to cut a direct-current component, it is possible toachieve an advantage and an effect similar to those of each of the firstand second embodiments by giving the integrator 3 the function ofvarying the frequency characteristics, as shown in FIG. 7.

More specifically, if it is assumed that the output of theangular-velocity sensor contains no direct-current component, the outputis provided as a signal indicative of a differentiation of the amount ofdisplacement. Logarithmically, the output of the angular-velocity sensorexhibits a differential characteristic curve having a uniforminclination with respect to the displacement of the frequency.

The integrator 3 has the inverse characteristic of that of thedifferential signal. Accordingly, by combining both characteristics andvarying the cut-off frequency of the integrator 3, it is possible tovary the frequency characteristics of the entire system.

The third embodiment may not use a VAP as image-shake correcting means.As shown in FIG. 7 by way of example, an assembly of a lens unit 10 andan image pickup device 11 may be supported turnably about an axis 10 bby a supporting member 10 a, and the actuator 7 may be made to drive thesupporting member 10 a to vary the apex angle of the assembly, therebyeffecting image-shake correction. Although not shown for the sake ofconvenience of explanation, it is a matter of course that a supportingmember for supporting the supporting member la and for supporting theentire assembly turnably about an axis perpendicular to the axis 10 b isdisposed so that image-shake correction in each of the X and Ydirections can be effected.

Referring to FIG. 7, a buffer amplifier 21 is provided for amplifyingthe vibration component outputted from the angular-velocity sensor 1 upto a predetermined level and for providing a matching, and anoperational amplifier 22 is provided. The integrator 3 the frequencycharacteristics of which can be altered is formed by a resistor R₄ onthe input side of the integrator 3 as well as a capacitor C₃, a resistorR₅ and an analog switch 24 which are provided in a feedback loop.

Means for altering the frequency characteristics of the integrator 3 isachieved by varying an apparent resistance value across the resistor R₅and the analog switch 24 by controlling the on and off times of theanalog switch 24 connected in series with the resistor R₅ inserted inthe feedback loop of the operational amplifier 22, that is, byperforming duty control of the analog switch 24 by using a PWM signaloutputted from the PWM converter 23.

More specifically, when the analog switch 24 is on, the resistor R₅ isinserted in parallel with the capacitor C₃ to form a time constantcircuit. When the analog switch 24 is off, the analog switch 24 ismerely open to shut off an electric current. Accordingly, if on/offcontrol of the analog switch 24 is executed at a predeterminedfrequency, according to the resultant duty, an electric current isallowed to flow in accordance with the time constant when the analogswitch 24 is on, while when the analog switch 24 is off, the electriccurrent is shut off. Accordingly, the amount of electric current for acertain period of time can be varied by varying the duty ratio, and thisindicates that the resistance value can be substantially varied.

In the case of the above-described system, a ripple component offrequency corresponding to the on-off operations of the analog switch 24penetrates into a vibration frequency signal. However, since thefrequencies of general vibrations are in an extremely low frequencyrange between a frequency of 1 Hz or below and a frequency of less than100 Hz, if on/off control of the analog switch 24 is executed at afrequency much higher than such a frequency range, the switchingfrequency of the analog switch 24 is absorbed by a filter itself whichis provided by the time constant of the integrator 3. Accordingly, theswitching frequency does not adversely affect the output of theintegrator 3, and only the amount of electric current is controlled bythe duty control and this indicates that the resistance value issubstantially varied. With the above-described system, it is notnecessary to employ a part which needs mechanical contact, such as avariable resistor, or means for driving such a part, so that controlusing a microcomputer can be easily achieved.

A vibration frequency signal outputted from the frequency detector 12 issubjected to F-V conversion by the F-V converter 13, and the output ofthe F-V converter 13 is supplied to the PWM converter 23 through thecorrecting circuit 14. The PWM converter 23 outputs a pulse signal forturning on and off the analog switch 24 and controls the duty of theanalog switch 24. The correcting circuit 14 performs processing forconverting the detected vibration frequency into a duty ratio for use inon/off control of the analog switch 24 is performed. Accordingly, theoutput of the integrator 3 is an angular-displacement signal having afrequency characteristic corresponding to a phase deviation to becorrected.

Although the above embodiment has been described in connection with eachconstituent element, the F-V converter 13, the correcting circuit 14 andthe PWM converter 23 may be formed by a microcomputer 25. In anarrangement using the microcomputer 25, the correction values of thefrequency characteristics of the integrator 3 for correcting phasedeviations corresponding to the respective vibration frequencies,specifically, duty ratios for use in turning on and off the analogswitch 24, are obtained on the basis of the frequency characteristic ofthe angular-velocity sensor 1, and the obtained duty ratios are storedin a ROM in the microcomputer 25 in table form. A duty ratiocorresponding to a vibration frequency detected by the frequencydetector 12 is read from the ROM and supplied to the PWM converter 23for the purpose of controlling the duty of the analog switch 24.

FIG. 8(a) is a flowchart showing the processing of setting the dutyratio of an on/off control signal to be applied to the analog switch 24in accordance with a vibration frequency. FIG. 8(b) shows a data tableon which are stored the values of vibration frequencies and duty ratiosfor use as the correction values of the respective vibrationfrequencies, the data table being stored in the ROM in the microcomputer25.

Referring to FIG. 8(a), when the process is started, vibration frequencydata supplied from the frequency detector 12 is inputted into themicrocomputer 25 in Step S1. In Step S2, a duty ratio (the on time ofthe analog switch 24) corresponding to the vibration frequency isretrieved and read from the data table shown in FIG. 8(b).

In Step S3, the duty ratio corresponding to the vibration frequency,which has been read from the data table, is set as variable duty data 1(a target value of the duty). In Step S4, a duty ratio which is used forthe current on/off control of the analog switch 24 is set as variableduty data 2.

In Step S5, the duty data 1 and the duty data 2 are compared with eachother, and if both are equivalent, it is determined that the currentduty ratio is equal to the target value. Accordingly, the processreturns to Step S1, and the value of a newly detected vibrationfrequency is again inputted.

If it is determined in Step S5 that the duty data 1 and the duty data 2are not equivalent, the process proceeds to Step S6, in which it isdetermined whether the duty data 1 is smaller than the duty data 2. Ifthe duty data 1 is smaller than the duty data 2, the process proceeds toStep S7, in which the duty data 2 is decreased by a predetermined value“a”. If the duty data 1 is not smaller than the duty data 2, the processproceeds to Step S8, in which the duty data 2 is increased by thepredetermined value “a”. In other words, the duty ratio is notimmediately altered into the target value, but is increased or decreasedin units of the predetermined value “a”, thereby making the controlstable and smooth.

After the above-described processing has been executed, the duty data 2is outputted (altered) and supplied to the PWM converter 23 in Step S9.The process returns to Step S4, in which the current duty ratio is set,and the above-described processing is repeated.

In the above-described manner, it is possible to realize frequencycharacteristics capable of correcting an image shake corresponding toeach vibration frequency. Further, since the characteristics of theintegrator 3 are placed under PWM control, it is possible to achieve aneffect similar to that of each of the first and second embodiments.

(Fourth Embodiment)

FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the presentinvention.

According to each of the above-described first to third embodiments, byexecuting correction of a phase characteristic corresponding to eachvibration frequency (so that the phase at each vibration frequency ismade 0 degrees) as shown in FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b), it is possible toachieve a remarkably large, vibration suppression effect at each of thevibration frequencies of 3 Hz to 10 Hz as shown in FIG. 5. Accordingly,it is apparent that a considerable improvement in the frequencycharacteristics can be achieved by the correction of the phasecharacteristic. However, if a gain characteristic as well as the phasecharacteristic is corrected, it is possible to achieve a furtherimprovement.

More specifically, it is possible to effect complete image-shakecorrection according to the frequency of each vibration by eliminating aphase deviation and a gain deviation in the primary frequency range ofthe vibration. A more detailed analysis will be made with reference toFIG. 5. As shown, by correcting the phase characteristic of each of thevibration frequencies, it is possible to achieve a sufficient, vibrationsuppression effect in the case of any of the vibration frequencies.However, a vibration suppression effect at the vibration frequency 3 Hzis larger than a vibration suppression effect at the vibration frequency10 Hz. This is because, as shown in the gain characteristic shown inFIG. 4(a), the gain characteristic of the angular-velocity sensor issuch that the gain reaches 0 dB at 3 Hz and such that as the vibrationfrequency becomes higher in the order of 4 Hz, 5 Hz, . . . , 10 Hz, thegain level gradually deviates from 0 dB.

Accordingly, if not only the phase characteristic but also the gaincharacteristic of each vibration frequency is corrected, it will bepossible to achieve a uniform and high, vibration suppression effect atall the vibration frequencies.

The fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 9 differs from the first embodimentshown in, for example, FIG. 3 with regard to the following constituentparts. A variable gain amplifier is added after the integrator 3, andthe variable gain amplifier is made up of an operational amplifier 26, aresistor R₆ and a variable resistor R₇ and the gain of the variable gainamplifier can be varied by varying the variable resistor R₇. The rotorsof the respective variable resistors R₁ and R₇ are arranged to rotate ininterlocked relation to the rotor of the variable resistor R₂ providedon the input side of the motor driving circuit 15. Thus, the rotationalpositions of the rotors of the variable resistors R₁ an R₇ for varyingthe frequency characteristics, i.e., their resistance values, arereflected on the input side of the motor driving circuit 15. Since theother parts are similar to those shown in FIG. 3, description thereof isomitted.

More specifically, as described previously in connection with the firstembodiment, a phase deviation and a gain deviation which correspond toeach vibration frequency are obtained on the basis of the frequencycharacteristics of the angular-velocity sensor 1 shown in FIGS. 2(a) and2(b), and a phase correction value (the time constant of the HPF) foruse in correction of the phase deviation and a gain correction value(the gain of the variable gain amplifier) for use in correction of thegain deviation are obtained. Phase and gain correction valuescorresponding to a vibration frequency outputted from the frequencydetector 12 are set in the variable resistor R₁ of the HPF 2′ and thevariable resistor R₇ of the variable gain amplifier, whereby any phasedeviation and any gain deviation in the primary frequency range of anapplied vibration can be suppressed so that it is possible to effect asatisfactory image-shake correction corresponding to the frequency ofeach vibration.

The vibration frequency detected by the frequency detector 12 isconverted into a voltage value by the F-V converter 13, and after thevoltage value has been corrected by the correcting circuit 14, thecorrected voltage value is supplied to the motor driving circuit 15,thereby driving the variable-resistor controlling motor 16. Thus, thevariable resistor R₁ of the HPF 2′ and the variable resistor R₇ of thevariable gain amplifier are driven so that their resistance values arevaried, whereby their respective phase and gain characteristics can becorrected.

A displacement of the resistance value of each of the variable resistorsR₁ and R₇ appears on the resistance value of the variable resistor R₂,and the correcting circuit 14 corrects the output of the F-V converter13 so that when the variable resistors R₂ and R₇ are driven and theirrespective resistance values are made equal to correction valuescorresponding to the vibration frequency, the voltage value set by thevariable resistor R₂ and the output of the correcting circuit 14 aremade equal to each other. In other words, a closed loop is formed by themotor driving circuit 15, the variable-resistor controlling motor 16 andthe variable resistors R₁, R₂ and R₇.

FIGS. 10(a) and 10(b) show image stabilization characteristic data whichare used in the present embodiment of the image-shake correcting devicefor the purpose of correcting phase deviations and gain deviations whichoccur at several vibration frequencies (3 Hz, 7 Hz and 10 Hz). FIG.10(a) shows a gain characteristic, FIG. 10(b) shows a phasecharacteristic, and FIG. 11 shows the characteristics of the imagestabilization effect obtained by correcting the phase deviations and thegain deviations at the vibration frequencies of 3 Hz, 7 Hz and 10 Hz.(It is assumed that the image correcting system is an ideal system asdescribed previously.)

The frequency characteristic obtain e after gain correction is as shownin FIG. 10(a). As shown by the compensation characteristic curves 3, 7and 10 which correspond to the respective vibration frequencies of 3 Hz,7 Hz and 10 Hz, it is possible to obtain frequency characteristics whichexhibit a gain of 0 dB at 3 Hz, 7 Hz and 10 Hz, respectively.

The frequency characteristic obtained after phase correction is as shownin FIG. 10(b). As shown by the compensation characteristic curves 3, 7and 10 which correspond to the respective vibration frequencies of 3 Hz,7 Hz and 10 Hz, it is possible to obtain frequency characteristics whichexhibit a phase angle of 0 degrees at 3 Hz, 7 Hz and 10 Hz,respectively.

The above-described gain and phase corrections further provide thefollowing vibration suppression effect. As shown in FIG. 11, it ispossible to achieve a uniformly high, vibration suppression effect atany of the shown vibration frequencies. In the case of a continuousvibration, a vibration in the neighborhood of 10 Hz can only besuppressed to approximately {fraction (1/40)}, as shown in FIG. 5,according to the first to third embodiments each of which utilizes onlythe phase correction. In contrast, according to the fourth embodiment,since the above-described correction of the gain deviation is added, itis possible to suppress such a vibration to {fraction (1/100)} or below.This is because both the phase deviation and the gain deviation arecorrected.

(Fifth Embodiment)

FIG. 12 shows a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

The fifth embodiment differs from the fourth embodiment of FIG. 9 in thefollowing respect. In the fourth embodiment, analog switches 27 and 28are respectively used to alter frequency characteristics for correctinga phase deviation and a gain deviation (i.e., the resistance value ofthe resistor for setting the time constant of the HPF and the resistancevalue of the resistor for setting the gain of the variable gainamplifier). Duty ratios for use in on/off control of the respectiveanalog switches 27 and 28 are placed under PWM control so that theresistance values can be varied.

The system itself used in the fifth embodiment is similar to that usedin the fourth embodiment of FIG. 9. In the system, the phasecharacteristic of the HPF for cutting a direct-current component and thegain of the variable gain amplifier are varied according to a vibrationfrequency so that an optimum characteristic can be set for eachvibration frequency.

Referring specifically to characteristic varying means, the fifthembodiment also adopts the above-described method of turning on and offeach of the analog switches 27 and 28 under PWM control to control thevalues of their electric currents, thereby substantially varying theresistance values. This control method is as described previously inconnection with FIG. 7.

The duty ratios of a PWM signal to be applied to the analog switch 28for correcting a phase deviation corresponding to each frequency and theduty ratios of a PWM signal to be applied to the analog switch 27 forcorrecting a gain deviation corresponding to each frequency arebeforehand obtained on the basis of the frequency characteristics of theangular-velocity sensor 1. If the duty ratios of the PWM signals forturning on and off the respective analog switches 28 and 27 are variedaccording to a vibration frequency detected by the frequency detector12, the respective resistance values across resistors R₁₀ and R₉ varyaccording to the switching operations of the corresponding analogswitches 28 and 27. By repeating the above-described operation, anyphase deviation in the primary frequency range of the vibration can beeliminated so that it is possible to effect a satisfactory image-shakecorrection corresponding to the frequency of each vibration.

In the above-described arrangement, the F-V converter 13, the correctingcircuit 14 and the PWM converter 23 may be formed by a microcomputer 29.The flow of the processing of inputting a vibration frequency into themicrocomputer 29 and altering the duty ratio of each of the analogswitches 28 and 27 in accordance with a PWM output, will be describedbelow with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. 13.

Referring to FIG. 13, the value of a detected vibration frequency isinputted into the microcomputer 29 in Step S11, and the microcomputer 29performs retrieval from a data table (refer to FIG. 14) which isbeforehand set in the microcomputer 29, the relationships betweenvibration frequencies and the duty ratios for use in PWM control of therespective analog switches 28 and 27 being set on the data table. InStep S13, a duty ratio corresponding to the detected vibrationfrequency, which is used in on/off control of the phase controllinganalog switch 28, is read and set as the duty data 1. Further, a dutyratio corresponding to the detected vibration frequency, which is usedin on/off control of the gain controlling analog switch 27, is read andset as the duty data 1′.

In Step S14, the current duty outputted to each of the analog switches28 and 27 is set as the duty data 2. In Step S15, a comparison is madebetween the value of the duty data 1 and the value of the duty data 2.If it is determined in Step S15 that both values are equal, the processproceeds to Step S19. If it is determined in Step S15 that both valuesdiffer, the process proceeds to Step S16, in which it is determinedwhether the duty data 1 is smaller than the duty data 2. If the dutydata 1 is smaller than the duty data 2, the process proceeds to StepS17, in which the duty data 2 is decreased by the predetermined value“a”. If the duty data 1 is not smaller than the duty data 2, the processproceeds to Step S18, in which the duty data 2 is increased by thepredetermined value “a”. In other words, the duty ratio is notimmediately altered into the target value, but is increased or decreasedin units of the predetermined value “a”, thereby making the controlstable and smooth.

In Step S19, the current duty outputted to each of the analog switches28 and 27 is set as duty data 2′. In Step S20, a comparison is madebetween the value of the duty data 1′ and the value of the duty data 2′.If it is determined in Step S20 that both values are equal, the processproceeds to Step S25, in which it is determined whether the duty data 1and the duty data 2 for the analog switch 28 for phase correction areequal to each other. If the duty data 1 and the duty data 2 differ fromeach other, the process proceeds to Step S16. If the duty data 1 and theduty data 2 are equal to each other, the process proceeds to Step S11,in which information indicative of a newly detected vibration frequencyis inputted into the microcomputer 29.

If it is determined in Step S20 that the value of the duty data 1′ andthat of the duty data 2′ differ from each other, the process proceeds toStep S21, in which it is determined whether the duty data 1′ is smallerthan the duty data 2′. If the duty data 1′ is smaller than the duty data2′, the process proceeds to Step S22, in which the duty data 2′ isdecreased by a predetermined value “b”. If the duty data 1′ is notsmaller than the duty data 2′, the process proceeds to Step S23, inwhich the duty data 2′ is increased by the predetermined value “b”.Thus, the duty ratio is progressively altered by the predetermined value“b”.

In Step S24, the duty data 2 and the duty data 2′, which indicate dutiesfor PWM control of the corresponding analog switches 28 and 27, arerespectively employed to actually execute on/off control of the analogswitches 28 and 27. Then, the process returns to Step S14.

In the above-described process, if it is determined in Step, S20 thatthe duty data 1′ and the duty data 2′, both of which are gain correctiondata, are equal to each other, the process does not immediately come toan end and proceeds to Step S25, in which a comparison is made betweenthe duty data 1 and the duty data 2, both of which are phase correctiondata. This processing is provided for again executing phase correctionif no phase correction has yet been completed after the completion ofgain correction.

The above-described process is cyclically repeated, and the control dutyof each of the analog switches 28 and 27 is progressively altered. Thisis intended to prevent the problem that if the value of the control dutyof each of the analog switches 28 and 27 is abruptly changed, thefrequency characteristics of the system abruptly vary or a discontinuousmotion of the system occurs.

FIG. 14 shows the structure of the data table, stored in themicrocomputer 29, which shows the duty ratios for PWM control of theanalog switches 28 and 27 in relation to individual vibrationfrequencies. As can be seen from FIG. 14, the value of a duty ratio forHPF control and the value of a duty ratio for gain control are set withrespect to a vibration frequency f(Hz). The symbol “(%)” in FIG. 14represents the on time of a drive pulse to be applied to each of theanalog switches 28 and 27. Regarding the duty ratio for HPF control, asthe vibration frequency becomes higher, the on time becomes longer,while the resistance value of the resistor R₁₀ of the HPF progressivelydecreases from its highest value toward the inherent value of theresistor R₁₀. Regarding the duty ratio for gain control, the duty ratioreaches its maximum at a predetermined frequency determined by thecharacteristics of the system, and decreases toward the opposite ends ofthe values of the duty ratio. This setting is intended to correct thefrequency characteristics of the angular-velocity sensor in which thegain decreases from its maximum-value position toward the opposite ends.

(Sixth Embodiment)

FIG. 15 is a block diagram schematically showing a sixth embodiment ofthe image-shake correcting device according to the present invention.

The arrangement shown in FIG. 15 includes a zoom lens 100, an imagepickup device (CCD image sensor) 101 for converting an optical imageinto an electrical signal, an A/D converter 102 for converting an imagepickup signal outputted from the image pickup device 101 into a digitalsignal, and a system control circuit 103. The system control circuit 103is made from a microcomputer and includes a memory control part and acorrecting part. The memory control part performs the processing ofwriting and reading the digital image pickup signal outputted from theA/D converter 102 into and from a field memory 106. The memory controlpart also performs, during reading processing, image-shake correction byshifting the position of memory reading in the direction in which amovement of an image due to a vibration is cancelled, on the basis of animage-shake correction signal supplied from a vibration detectingsystem. When the memory control part is to shift the position of readingfrom the field memory 106, the correcting part corrects the amount ofshifting of the position of memory reading on the basis of focal-lengthinformation (zoom magnification information) supplied from a zoomencoder 109. The correcting part performs another processing such as theelectronic-zoom processing of enlarging an image indicated by read imageinformation to correct the image so that the angle of view of the imagecoincides with a normal angle of view.

In brief, in the sixth embodiment of the image-shake correcting deviceaccording to the present invention, after an image signal outputted froman image pickup device has been stored in a memory, reading is performedof the portion of the image signal contained in a reading area definedin the memory. The reading area is selected to be smaller than theentire picture and is variable in the picture, so that image informationwhose image shake is substantially corrected is obtained by shifting thereading area in the direction in which the movement of the image due toa vibration of the apparatus is cancelled. Since the read imageinformation represents an image having an angle of view smaller than thenormal angle of view, the image is electronically enlarged up to thenormal angle of view by electronic-zoom processing.

Thus, the system controlling circuit 103 outputs image informationrepresentative of the image whose movement due to the vibration has beencorrected by the above-described processing and which has been subjectedto the above-described enlargement processing. An interpolationprocessing circuit 104 is provided for calculating the number of pixelsto be outputted during the image enlargement processing, i.e., how manypixels are to be outputted during the interval that one normal pixel isoutputted, and interpolating between pixels having no information on thebasis of adjacent-pixel information or the like. The output of theinterpolation processing circuit 104 is supplied to a D/A converter 105.The supplied signal is converted into an analog signal by the D/Aconverter 105, and the analog signal is outputted to a recorderapparatus (not shown), a monitor display (not shown) or the like.

The vibration detecting system for detecting a vibration applied to theapparatus will be described below. As shown in FIG. 15, the vibrationdetecting system includes a frequency detector 107 for detecting thefrequency of a vibration applied to the apparatus, the frequencydetector 107 being similar to the frequency detector used in each of theaforesaid embodiments, an angular-velocity sensor 110 such as avibration gyro, a DC cut filter 111 for eliminating the direct-current(drift) component of an angular-velocity signal outputted from theangular-velocity sensor 110, an amplifier 112 for amplifying theangular-velocity signal in accordance with a predetermined gain, an A/Dconverter 113, integrating means 114 for integrating theangular-velocity signal outputted from the A/D converter 113, and phaseand gain altering means 115 for correcting a phase and a gain inaccordance with the vibration frequency detected by the frequencydetector 107. The A/D converter 113, the integrating means 114 and thephase and gain altering means 115 may also be formed by a microcomputer116.

The operation of the sixth embodiment of the image-shake correctingdevice having the above-described arrangement will be described below.

An optical image formed by the zoom lens 100 is converted into anelectrical signal by the image pickup device 101, and the image pickupsignal outputted from the image pickup device 101 is converted into adigital image signal by the A/D converter 102. The digital image signalis written into the field memory 106 as an image signal for one field.On the basis of an image correction signal outputted from the phase andgain altering means 115 and the amount of movement of the image obtainedfrom a zoom magnification provided by the zoom encoder 109, the positionof reading of the image signal written into the field memory 106 isshifted in the direction in which the movement of the image is correctedas described above, and an image signal indicative of an image whoseimage shake is corrected is read from the field memory 106. Thecorrected image is subjected to enlargement processing and interpolationprocessing and the obtained image of normal angle of view is outputted.

In any of the embodiments described previously, since the HPF forcutting a DC component serves as phase correcting means, it is necessaryto dispose the phase correcting means at a specific limited position.However, it is, of course, possible to arrange the phase correctingmeans separately from the HPF for cutting a DC component, and it ispossible to achieve a similar image-shake correction effect even in thecase of a digital signal formed by A/D conversion. The phase and gainaltering means 115 is intended to realize this arrangement.

FIGS. 18(a) and 18(b) are gain and phase characteristic charts eachshowing the basic characteristic of the angular-velocity sensor 110, thecharacteristic of the phase and gain altering means 115, and an ideallycorrected characteristic. FIG. 19 is a characteristic chart showing avibration suppression effect obtained by effecting the respectivecorrections shown in FIGS. 18(a) and 18(b). FIGS. 18(a), 18(b) and 19show only characteristics relative to a vibration of frequency 10 Hz forthe sake of convenience of explanation. In practice, correctioncharacteristics are prepared for each vibration frequency, and asuitable correction characteristic is selected according to eachvibration frequency in a manner similar to that used in each of thepreviously described embodiments.

Referring to FIGS. 18(a) and 18(b), the characteristic curve shown at(a) represents the basic characteristic of the angular-velocity sensor110, and if the greatest effect is to be achieved at the vibrationfrequency of 10 Hz with respect to the basic characteristic (a) of theangular-velocity sensor 110, the phase of the output signal of theangular-velocity sensor 110 is made to advance by 7.5 degrees so thatthe phase angle is made 0 degrees, and the gain of the signal isadjusted to 0 dB at the phase angle of 0 degrees. More specifically, byarranging a digital filter capable of realizing a characteristic (b)with respect to the characteristic (a) and connecting the digital filter(the characteristic (b)) in series with the characteristic (a) (theangular-velocity sensor 110), it is possible to obtain a characteristic(c) in which the characteristics (a) and (b) are combined. By using thecharacteristic (c), it is possible to achieve a vibration suppressioneffect exceeding −60 dB at the vibration frequency of 10 Hz as shown inFIG. 19.

FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing one example of the processing executed bythe microcomputer 116, shown in FIG. 15, which includes the A/Dconverter 113, the integrating means 114 and the phase and gain alteringmeans 115.

Referring to FIG. 16, when the process is started, an angular-velocitysignal outputted from the angular-velocity sensor 110 is subjected toA/D conversion in Step S111, and an integration computation is performedin Step S112. In Step S113, a vibration frequency is inputted from thefrequency detector 107 into the microcomputer 116, and data indicativeof a constant for the digital filter or the like is retrieved in StepS114. In Step S115, the retrieved constant data is set in the digitalfilter. In Step S116, a correction computation is performed by using thedigital filter in which the constant data has been set in Step S115. InStep S117, the result of the correction computation is stored in themicrocomputer 116 and is simultaneously outputted into the correctingpart of the system controlling circuit 103 for performing image-shakecorrection utilizing the aforesaid image processing. The microcomputer116 performs a filtering computation on the basis of the storedconstant.

The image correcting system is controlled on the basis of thethus-obtained image-shake correction signal, so that it is possible toperform optimum image-shake correction according to the vibrationfrequency (setting of an optimum amount of shifting of the position ofmemory reading).

One example of the digital filter using a primary IIR filter is shown inFIG. 17, and the digital filter has the arrangement and characteristicsshown in FIG. 17. The digital filter forms the image-shake correctioncharacteristic curves (b) shown in FIGS. 18(a) and 18(b), respectively,and the characteristic of the angular-velocity sensor 110 is correctedto provide an ideal characteristic shown as the characteristic curve(c). The constants of the respective constituent parts shown in FIG. 17and computational expressions using the constants are as follows:

u₀=a₀·w₀+a₁·w₁

w₀=e₀+a₂·w₁

where w₁=w₀ (w₁ is w₀ obtained one sampling period before),

e₀=input,

u₀=output, and

a₀, a₁ and a₂: filter coefficients.

By changing the values of the filter coefficients a₀, a₁ and a₂, it ispossible to set the frequency characteristics.

Accordingly, data indicative of the filter coefficients a₀, a₁ and a₂corresponding to different vibration frequencies are prepared as atable, and if a vibration is detected, a filter coefficient according tothe vibration frequency of the detected vibration is read from the tableto perform the computation using the aforesaid IIR filter.

In the case of a system having a particular frequency characteristic, itmay also be preferable to use a secondary filter. Since the number ofset values of the filter coefficients merely increases, it is possibleto easily achieve an arrangement using the secondary filter.

As described above, even if a variation occurs in the characteristics ofthe vibration detecting means or the image correcting system, it ispossible to cope with the variation by beforehand measuring theirfrequency characteristics and setting an optimum correction value forthe phase and gain altering means.

As described above, a phase advancing (delaying) element and gainaltering means are connected in series with each other in an open systembetween angular-velocity detecting means and the image correcting systemso that the above-described correction of the phase deviation and thegain deviation is effected.

(Seventh Embodiment)

FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing a seventh embodiment of the presentinvention. The arrangement and operation of an angular-velocitydetecting system including the angular-velocity detecting means 110, theDC cut filter 111, . . . , and the phase and gain altering means 115, aswell as the arrangement and operation of the frequency detector 107 aresimilar to those explained above in connection with the sixthembodiment, and description thereof is omitted.

In the seventh embodiment, the image correcting system includes a VAPwhose apex angle can be varied by a stepping motor mechanically coupledto the VAP. An image-shake correcting system for driving the VAP adoptsa control system based on open-loop control.

Referring to FIG. 20, a VAP 200 is attached to the front of the lensunit (lens barrel) 10 by a supporting frame 201. Two paralleltransparent plates 202 a and 202 b are supported by the supporting frame201, and the space between the transparent plates 202 a and 202 b issealed around the external circumference thereof by a sealing material203. A material of high refractive index is hermetically enclosed in thesealed space between the transparent plates 202 a and 202 b. Thetransparent plate 202 b located on the lens side is supported turnablyabout an axis 204 in such a manner that the apex angle of the VAP 200can be varied. In the following description of the seventh embodiment aswell, explanation of a supporting mechanism and a driving mechanismrelative to an axis perpendicular to the axis 204 is omitted for thesake of simplicity.

The movable, transparent plate 202 b is provided with a sphericalengagement part 206, and forms a universal joint in cooperation with oneend of a connecting member 207 so that the transparent plate 202 b canbe made to turn about the axis 204 in accordance with a movement of theconnecting member 207.

The other end of the connecting member 207 forms a universal joint bybeing coupled to a spherical engagement part 208 of a moving part whichis arranged to be moved by a lead screw 210 formed on the rotating shaftof a stepping motor 209 fixed to the lens barrel 10. In thisarrangement, the apex angle of the VAP 200 can be varied by driving thedriving motor 209.

In a microcomputer 211 which includes the A/D converter 113, theintegrating means 114 and the phase and gain altering means 115, thereis also provided a driving computing circuit 212 for converting animage-shake correction signal outputted from the phase and gain alteringmeans 115 into a signal indicative of the number of driving steps of thestepping motor 209. The signal indicative of the number of driving stepsof the stepping motor 209, which is outputted from the driving computingcircuit 212, is supplied to a driving circuit 213 for outputting adriving pulse to actually drive the stepping motor 209, whereby thestepping motor 209 is driven. A reset sensor 205 is provided fordetecting the initial position of the VAP 200, i.e., the position inwhich the transparent plate 202 b and the transparent plate 202 a areparallel to each other, outputting a reset signal, and resetting acounter provided in the driving computing circuit 212, the aforesaidnumber of driving steps being set in the counter.

Even if the image-shake correcting system is formed as an open-loopcorrection system using the stepping motor in the above-describedmanner, it is possible to achieve an image-shake correcting functionsimilar to that achieved by the sixth embodiment by converting anangular-displacement signal indicative of a vibration frequencycharacteristic subjected to phase and gain corrections into a signalindicative of the number of driving pulses of the stepping motor.

As described above, according to the above-described first to seventhembodiments of the image-shake correcting device according to thepresent invention, since the frequency characteristics of theimage-shake correcting means are altered according to the frequencyrange of a vibration occurring during photography, it is possible toexecute optimum image-shake correction conforming to the condition andstate of the photography at all times.

Further, since it is possible to achieve a maximum correction effectover the frequency range of vibrations applied to the photographicapparatus including the image-shake correcting means, it is possible toachieve a remarkable effect in eliminating the adverse influence of anapplied vibration having a specific frequency distribution.

An eighth embodiment of the present invention will be described below.Each of the above-described embodiments is arranged to detect the centerfrequency of a vibration applied to the photographic apparatus includingthe image-shake correcting device, vary a gain characteristic and aphase characteristic in accordance with the detected center frequency,and correct a gain deviation and a phase deviation at the centerfrequency of the vibration. However, since frequency detecting means isindependently prepared outside the device, any of the above-describedembodiments still contains drawbacks which are to be solved to simplifythe adjustment and the arrangement of the image-shake correcting device.

According to the eighth embodiment which will be described below, thereis an image-shake correcting device which comprises first detectingmeans for detecting a vibration of the photographic apparatus,correcting means for correcting a movement of an image due to thevibration, first controlling means for controlling the correcting meanson the basis of an output of the first detecting means and driving thecorrecting means in a direction in which the movement of the image iscorrected, second detecting means for detecting a frequency and anamplitude of the vibration from the output of the first detecting means,and second controlling means for controlling a characteristic of thefirst controlling means on the basis of an output of the seconddetecting means.

FIG. 21 shows the basic arrangement of the image-shake correctingdevice.

The image-shake correcting device shown in FIG. 21 includes anangular-velocity detector 301 made from an angular-velocity sensor, suchas a vibration gyro, and provided in a photographic apparatus such as acamera, and a DC cut filter 302 for eliminating the direct-currentcomponent of a velocity signal outputted from the angular-velocitydetector 301 and passing only an alternating-current component, i.e.,only a vibration component. The DC cut filter 302 may be a high-passfilter (hereinafter referred to as the “HPF”) for eliminating a signalof arbitrary frequency band. The image-shake correcting device shown inFIG. 21 also includes an amplifier 303 for amplifying anangular-velocity signal outputted from the DC cut filter 302 up to apredetermined level, an A/D converter 304 for converting theangular-velocity signal outputted from the amplifier 303 into a digitalsignal, an integrator 305 for integrating the output of the A/Dconverter 304 and outputting an angular-displacement signal, apanning/tilting decision circuit 306 for making a decision as to panningand tilting, on the basis of the integral signal of the angular-velocitysignal outputted from the integrator 305, i.e., the angular-displacementsignal, and a D/A converter 307 for converting the output of thepanning/tilting decision circuit 306 into an analog signal or a pulsesignal such as a PWM signal and outputting the analog signal or thepulse signal. The A/D converter 304, the integrator 305, thepanning/tilting decision circuit 306 and the D/A converter 307 may beformed by, for example, a microcomputer COM1. The image-shake correctingdevice shown in FIG. 21 also includes a driving circuit 308 and imagecorrecting means 309 provided at the next stage, and the driving circuit308 drives the image correcting means 309 on the basis of a displacementsignal outputted from the microcomputer COM1 so that the imagecorrecting means 309 is made to suppress an image shake. The imagecorrecting means 309 may utilize, for example, optical correcting meansfor cancelling an image shake by displacing an optical axis orelectronic correcting means for cancelling an image shake byelectronically shifting the position of image reading from a memory inwhich an image is stored.

If a vibration of constant amplitude is applied to an apparatus, such asa camera, which is provided with an image-shake correcting device usingan existing angular-velocity sensor, the frequency characteristics of avibration component signal provided at the image correcting means 309are as shown in FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b). As stated previously in connectionwith the embodiments described previously, referring to the gain andphase characteristics at 10 Hz, the gain level is approximately 0 dB,while the phase angle deviates by approximately 7.5 degrees. Because ofthe presence of this phase deviation, the applied vibration can only besuppressed to approximately ⅛ at 10 Hz with respect to approximately{fraction (1/100)} or below at 3 Hz. This problem can be solved by anyof the first to seventh embodiments described previously.

A primary feature of the eighth embodiment resides in an arrangement inwhich the primary frequency range of a vibration occurring duringphotography is detected from an output signal of image-shake detectingmeans which is used for vibration detection and the detected vibrationfrequency can be used to execute control so that optimum image-shakecorrection conforming to each individual photographic condition andenvironment can be effected.

Another feature of the eighth embodiment is that since a vibrationfrequency can be detected by using the angular-velocity signal outputtedfrom the angular-velocity detecting means, it is possible to simplifythe arrangement, adjustment and control of the image-shake correctingdevice. A further feature is that since the angular-velocity signal andan angular-displacement signal obtained by integrating theangular-velocity signal are simultaneously employed, it is possible toimprove a frequency detecting capability.

(Eighth Embodiment)

FIG. 22 is a block diagram showing the essential arrangement of theeighth embodiment of the image-shake correcting device according to thepresent invention. In FIG. 22, identical reference numerals are used todenote constituent parts substantially identical to those of the deviceshown in FIG. 21, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

The eighth embodiment shown in FIG. 22 is identical to the device shownin FIG. 21 in respect of the angular-velocity detecting means 301, suchas a vibration gyro, provided in the photographic apparatus such as acamera, the DC cut filter (or HPF) 302 for eliminating thedirect-current component of an angular-velocity signal outputted fromthe angular-velocity detecting means 301, the amplifier 303 foramplifying the angular-velocity signal up to a predetermined level, thedriving circuit 308 and the image correcting means 309. The differencebetween the eighth embodiment and the aforesaid device resides in theinternal arrangement of a microcomputer COM2 for providing control overthe entire device. In the eighth embodiment, a variable angle prism(VAP) or a memory control system, which will be described later, isemployed as the image correcting means 309.

The internal arrangement of the microcomputer COM2 includes the A/Dconverter 304 for converting an angular-velocity signal outputted fromthe amplifier 303 into a digital signal, an HPF 310 having a functioncapable of varying its characteristic within an arbitrary frequencyrange, the integrator 305 for integrating a signal containing apredetermined frequency component extracted by the HPF 310 and findingan angular-displacement signal corresponding to the frequency component,a phase and gain correcting circuit 311 for correcting the phase andgain of an integral output signal outputted from the integrator 305,i.e., the angular-displacement signal, in accordance with frequencydetecting means 313 which will be described later, and a D/A converter307 for converting the output signal of the phase and gain correctingcircuit 311 into an analog signal or a pulse output, such as a PWMsignal, and outputting the analog signal or the pulse signal.

A panning/tilting decision circuit 312 is provided for making a decisionas to panning and tilting as well as the state of photography on thebasis of the angular-velocity signal outputted from the A/D converter304 and the angular-displacement signal outputted from the integrator305 and altering the characteristics of the HPF 310 on the basis of theresult of the decision.

The panning/tilting decision circuit 312 operates in the followingmanner. The panning/tilting decision circuit 312 receives anangular-velocity signal (indicative of the presence or absence of avibration) outputted from the A/D converter 304 and anangular-displacement signal outputted from the panning/tilting decisioncircuit 312. If the angular velocity is constant and theangular-displacement signal obtained by integrating the angular-velocitysignal shows a monotonous increase, the panning/tilting decision circuit312 determines that panning or tilting has occurred. In this case, thepanning/tilting decision circuit 312 shifts the low-frequency cut-offfrequency of the HPF 310 toward a higher-frequency side, therebyaltering the characteristics of the HPF 310 to prevent the image-signalcorrecting system from responding to a vibration of low frequency.

If panning or tilting is detected, the VAP is progressively centeredtoward the center of its moving range. During this time as well,detection of the angular-velocity signal and the angular-displacementsignal is continued, and when the panning or tilting comes to an end,the operation of lowering the low-frequency cut-off frequency of the HPF310 and extending an image-shake correction range is performed.

The frequency detecting means 313 is provided for detecting a vibrationapplied to the apparatus, on the basis of the angular-velocity signaloutputted from the A/D converter 304, and controlling the characteristicof the phase and gain correcting circuit 311 in accordance with thefrequency of the detected vibration.

The driving circuit 308 and the image correcting means 309 whichsubstantially serve to correct an image shake in accordance with acontrol signal outputted from the microcomputer COM2 will beillustratively described with reference to the examples shown in FIGS.28, 30 and 34.

In the example shown in FIG. 28, a VAP 406 is employed and a voice coilis used as a driving system, and a control system is arranged toconstitute a closed loop in which an encoder detects an angulardisplacement and the detected angular displacement is fed back to thedriving system, thereby controlling the amount of control.

The VAP 406 will first be described in detail with reference to FIG. 32.As shown, the VAP 406 includes two transparent parallel plates 440 a and440 b which are opposed to each other, a transparent elastic material orinactive liquid 442 having a high refractive index (n: refractive index)which is charged into the space defined between the transparent parallelplates 440 a and 440 b, and a sealing material 441, such as a resinfilm, which elastically seals the transparent parallel plates 440 a and440 b around the outer circumference thereof. The transparent parallelplates 440 a and 440 b are swingably supported. By swinging thetransparent parallel plates 440 a and 440 b, the optical axis isdisplaced to correct an image shake.

FIG. 33 is a view showing the state of passage of an incident light flux444 through the VAP 406 when the transparent parallel plate 440 a isturned about a swinging shaft 401 (411) by an angle σ. As shown in FIG.33, the light flux 444 which enters the VAP 406 along an optical axis443 is made to exit from the VAP 406 in the state of being deflected byan angle φ=(n−1)σ in accordance with a principle similar to theprinciple of a wedge-shaped prism. In other words, the optical axis 443is made eccentric (deflected) by the angle φ.

Referring back to FIG. 28, the above-described VAP 406 is fixed to alens barrel 402 by means of a holding frame 407 in such a manner thatthe VAP 406 can turn about the shafts 401 and 411.

In the example shown in FIG. 28, a yoke 413, a magnet 415 and a coil 412constitute a voice-coil type of actuator which is arranged to vary theapex angle of the VAP 406 about the shaft 401 (411) when an electriccurrent is made to flow in the coil 412. A slit 410 is used fordetection of a displacement of the VAP 406, and displaces its positionwhile turning together with the holding frame 407, i.e., the VAP 406,coaxially to the turning shaft 411. A light emitting diode 408 isprovided for detecting the position of the slit 410. A PSD (positionsensing detector) 409 and the light emitting diode 408 constitute anencoder for detecting an angular displacement of the apex angle of theVAP 406 by detecting a displacement of the slit 410.

Then, the light flux 444, the angle of incidence of which has beenchanged by the VAP 406, is focused on an image pickup surface of animage pickup device 404.

Incidentally, in FIG. 28, reference numeral 405 denotes another turningaxis perpendicular to a turning axis formed by the shafts 401 and 411 ofthe holding frame 407. Detailed description of the turning axis 405 isomitted herein for the sake of simplicity.

The basic arrangement and operation of a control circuit for controllingthe driving of the VAP 406 will be described below with reference to theblock diagram shown in FIG. 29.

The arrangement shown in FIG. 29 includes the VAP 406, an amplifier 422,a driver 423 for driving an actuator 424, the voice-coil type actuator424 for driving the VAP 406, an encoder 426 for detecting a displacementof the apex angle of the VAP 406, and an adder 425 for performing anopposite-polarity addition of a control signal 420 for correction of animage shake, outputted from the microcomputer COM2, to the output signalof the angular-displacement encoder 426. The control system operates sothat the control signal 420 for correction of an image shake, outputtedfrom the microcomputer COM2, is made equivalent to the output signal ofthe angular-displacement encoder 426. Accordingly, since the VAP 406 isdriven so that the control signal 420 and the output of the encoder 426are made to coincide with each other, the VAP 406 is controlled to moveto a position specified by the microcomputer COM2.

FIG. 30 shows another example of the image-shake correcting means havingan arrangement in which the VAP 406 is driven not by the aforesaidvoice-coil type actuator 424 but by a stepping motor.

In the arrangement shown in FIG. 30, the VAP 406 is driven by a steppingmotor 501 via the holding frame 407 so that it turns about the turningshaft 401 (411). More specifically, the stepping motor 501 whoserotating shaft is provided with a lead screw 501 a is disposed on asupporting frame 503 mounted on the lens barrel 402. A carrier 504 isarranged to be capable of moving along the optical axis by being guidedby a guide shaft 505 of the supporting frame 503. The carrier 504 ismeshed with the lead screw 501 a at all times and is turnably connectedvia a turning shaft 506 to a connecting rod 507 fixed to the supportingframe 503. When the stepping motor 501 is driven, the carrier 504 ismoved along the optical axis to turn the holding frame 407 about theturning shafts 401 and 411 via the connecting rod 507, thereby drivingthe VAP 406. A reset sensor 502 is provided for detecting the referenceposition of the VAP 406. Although a similar driving mechanism isprovided with respect to the turning axis 405, description thereof isomitted for the sake of simplicity.

FIG. 31 is a block diagram showing a circuit arrangement for providingdriving control over the system of FIG. 30.

Referring to FIG. 31, a control signal 520 outputted from themicrocomputer COM2 is converted into a driving signal for driving theVAP 406 by a driving computation performed by a driving computingcircuit 510. The driving signal is outputted to a driver IC 511. Thedriver IC 511 drives the stepping motor 501 in response to the drivingsignal, so that the apex angle of the VAP 406 is varied.

FIG. 34 shows a further example of the image-shake correcting means. Theimage-shake correcting means shown in FIG. 34 includes a memory controlsystem which is arranged in the following manner. When image informationis stored in a memory, the area of an image to be cut out from theentire image represented by the image information stored in the memoryis selected so that the size of the area is made smaller than the entiresize of the stored image, and the position (area) of the image to be cutout is shifted within the memory in the direction in which a movement ofthe image is cancelled, thereby correcting an image shake. An imagesignal representative of the cut-out image is subjected to enlargementprocessing for correcting the picture size of the cut-out image, and theimage whose image shake is corrected is outputted. The feature of theabove-described memory control system is that an image shake can beelectronically corrected without the use of an optical correctingmechanism such as a VAP.

The example shown in FIG. 34 includes a zoom lens 600, an image pickupdevice (such as a CCD image sensor) 601 for converting an optical imageinto an electrical signal, an A/D converter 602, and an image processingcircuit 603. The image processing circuit 603 performs the image-shakecorrecting processing of reducing the image shake component of an imagepickup signal in accordance with a control signal (an image-shakecorrection signal) 610 inputted from the microcomputer COM2. The imageprocessing circuit 603 further performs the enlargement processing ofenlarging an image read from the field memory 606, thereby performingso-called electronic zoom to convert the size of the read image into anormal picture size. The image processing circuit 603 may be realized bya microcomputer.

An interpolation processing circuit 604 is provided for producing onepixel signal for interpolation purpose from image information about twoor more adjacent pixels on the basis of zoom information when electroniczoom is to be executed for correcting the image read from the fieldmemory 606 so that the angle of view of thereof coincides with thenormal angle of view. A well-known interpolation method may be employed;for example, it is possible to interpolate between adjacent pixels onthe basis of the average value of the adjacent pixels. The example shownin FIG. 34 also includes a D/A converter 605 and an encoder 607 fordetecting the zoom ratio of the zoom lens 600.

The operation of the shown example will be described below. An opticalimage formed by the zoom lens 600 is converted into an electrical signalby the image pickup device 601, and the electrical signal is outputtedfrom the image pickup device 601 as an image pickup signal. The imagepickup signal is converted into a digital image signal by the A/Dconverter 602, and the digital image signal is written into the fieldmemory 606 as image information for one field by a memory control partof the image processing circuit 603. At this time, the position of animage to be cut out from the image signal stored in the field memory606, i.e., an image area to be read from the field memory 606 and theposition of the image area within the field memory 606, are determinedon the basis of the image-shake correction signal 610 inputted from themicrocomputer COM2 and the zoom information inputted from the encoder607.

Then, the image signal read from the field memory 606 is supplied to theinterpolation processing circuit 604. To convert the scanning width,i.e., the angle of view, of an output image into an original size inaccordance with the cut-out size of the image, the interpolationprocessing circuit 604 calculates how many pixels are to be outputtedduring the interval that one normal pixel is outputted, and performsinterpolation processing on pixels having no information. The signaloutputted from the interpolation processing circuit 604 is convertedinto an analog signal by the D/A converter 605, and the analog signal isoutputted from the D/A converter 605.

The examples of the image-shake correcting means for correcting an imageshake are as described above.

The processing operation of the microcomputer COM2 used in theembodiment shown in FIG. 22 will be described below with reference tothe flowchart of FIG. 23. Referring to FIG. 23, when control is started,the process proceeds to Step S201, in which an angular-velocity signalsupplied from the angular-velocity detector 301 is converted into adigital signal by the A/D converter 304, the direct-current component ofthe angular-velocity signal being eliminated by the DC cut filter 302and the angular-velocity signal being amplified to a predetermined levelby the amplifier 303. The digital signal is inputted into themicrocomputer COM2.

In Step S202, a predetermined high-frequency component extracted fromthe angular-velocity signal by the HPF 310 is integrated by theintegrator 305 to prepare an angular-displacement signal, and a decisionis made as to panning and tilting as well as the state of photography onthe basis of the angular-velocity signal.

In Step S203, in accordance with the result of the decision, acoefficient for setting the characteristic of the HPF 310 in thepreviously-described manner is read from a table (not shown) which isprepared in the microcomputer COM2. More specifically, if the HPF 310 isformed by a digital filter, it is possible to vary the characteristic ofthe HPF 310 as required, by reading a predetermined coefficient from thetable on which coefficients are stored and setting the predeterminedcoefficient in the HPF 310. The coefficients corresponding to panningand tilting as well as the state of photography are values obtained fromexperience.

In Step S204, the characteristic of the HPF 310 is set by performing acomputation on the basis of the coefficient. In Step S205, the signaloutputted from the HPF 310 is converted into an angular-displacementsignal (vibration signal) by an integration computation performed by theintegrator 305.

In Step S206, the frequency detecting means 313 performs a computationon the angular-velocity signal outputted from the A/D converter 304,thereby detecting the center frequency of the detected vibration. InStep S207, a correction coefficient for the phase and gain correctingcircuit 311 according to the center frequency of the vibration obtainedin Step S206 is read from the table (not shown) which is prepared in themicrocomputer COM2.

The phase and gain correcting circuit 311 serves to compensate fordegradation of an image-shake correction characteristic due to a phasedelay of the image-shake correcting system. The phase and gaincorrecting circuit 311 includes a phase advancing element and is formedby a digital filter as will be described later, and reads a correctioncoefficient for the digital filter from the table and sets phase andgain correction characteristics corresponding to the frequency of thevibration.

In Step S208, a correction computation is performed by using thecoefficient obtained in Step S207. In Step S209, the result of thecorrection computation, i.e., a corrected angular-velocity signal, isconverted into an analog signal by the D/A converter 307 or into a pulsesignal such as a PWM signal, and the analog signal or the pulse signalis outputted from the microcomputer COM2.

Since a digital filter or the like is used for each of the HPF 310, theintegrator 305 and the phase and gain correcting circuit 311, it isnecessary to employ a comparatively high sampling frequency (forexample, approximately 1 kHz). In contrast, the panning/tilting decisioncircuit 312 for making a decision as to panning and tilting as well asthe state of photography and the frequency detecting means 313 onlyneeds to perform processing of comparatively low sampling frequency (forexample, approximately 100 Hz). In other words, it is possible to alterthe sampling frequency in accordance with the status of photography.

The frequency detecting means 313 using the angular-velocity signal ofFIG. 22 is arranged, for example, in the following manner. A thresholdis set at or near the center of the angular-velocity signal, so thatdetection can be performed on the basis of either the time during whichthe angular-velocity signal crosses the center or the number of times bywhich the angular-velocity signal crosses the center. However, thismethod depends on the stability of a direct-current signal. In otherwords, if a user performs photography while holding a camera by the handor the like, a low-frequency component is contained in a vibrationfrequency to a great extent, so that it is difficult to accuratelydetect a vibration frequency.

Accordingly, in the eighth embodiment, detection of a vibrationfrequency is performed on the basis of an increase and a decrease in anangular-velocity signal per sampling period. In other words, one pair ofan increase and a decrease in an angular-velocity signal is regarded asone vibration, and a vibration frequency is found on the basis of thenumber of pairs detected in a predetermined time. This method makes itpossible to detect a vibration of 1 Hz for one second and a vibration of0.5 Hz for two seconds.

One example of the method and operation executed by the frequencydetecting means 313 according to the eighth embodiment will be describedbelow with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 24. Processing which willbe described below is performed once for each predetermined time.

In Step S301, reading (loading) of a frequency detection time T isperformed. In Step S302, reading (loading) of a time counter t isperformed, i.e., a counting operation of the time counter t is started.In Step S302, a comparison is made between the frequency detection timeT and the count value of the time counter t, and it is determinedwhether the count value of the timer counter t has reached thepredetermined time (frequency detection time) T. If the count value ofthe time counter t reaches the predetermined time T, the processproceeds to Step S319. If the count value of the time counter t has notyet reached the predetermined time T, the process proceeds to Step S304.

In Step S304, “1” is added to the count value of the time counter t.Accordingly, this upward counting of “1” coincides with the processingtime required for the processing shown in the flowchart of FIG. 24 to beexecuted once.

In Step S305, an increase flag 1 is loaded which indicates whether anincrease in the angular-velocity signal has previously occurred. If theincrease has previously occurred, this increase flag 1 is set to its Hlevel. If no increase has increased in the past, the increase flag 1 isset to its L level.

In Step S306, it is determined whether an increase in theangular-velocity signal has previously occurred, on the basis of theflag 1. If the flag 1 is at the H level, it is determined that anincrease has occurred in the past, and the process proceeds to StepS307. If the flag 1 is at the L level, it is determined that an increasehas not occurred in the past, the process proceeds to Step S312.

If it is determined in Step S306 that an increase in theangular-velocity signal has previously occurred, a decrease flag 2 whichindicates whether a decrease has previously occurred is loaded in StepS307. If it is determined that a decrease has previously occurred, thedecrease flag 2 is set to its H level, while if it is determined that nodecrease has previously occurred, the decrease flag 2 is set to its Llevel.

In Step S308, it is determined on the basis of the decrease flag 2whether a decrease has previously occurred. If the decrease flag 2 is atthe H level, i.e., if it is determined that a decrease has previouslyoccurred, the process proceeds to Step S309. If the decrease flag 2 isat the L level, i.e., if it is determined that no decrease has occurredin the past, the process proceeds to Step S312.

In Step S309, a number-of-vibration counter N1 for counting the numberof vibrations is loaded. In Step S310, “1” is added to the count valueof the number-of-vibration counter N1, and the process proceeds to StepS311. In Step S311, the increase flag 1 and the decrease flag 2 arereset, and the process proceeds to Step S324, in which the process isbrought to an end.

If it is determined in Step S306 that the increase flag 1 is not at theH level and if it is determined in Step S308 that the decrease flag 2 isnot at the H level, i.e., if neither an increase nor a decrease hasoccurred in the past, the process proceeds to Step S312, in whichangular-velocity data ω−1 obtained one sampling period before (duringthe previous processing) is loaded. The process proceeds to Step S313,in which the current angular-velocity data ω detected by theangular-velocity detector 301 is loaded.

In Step S314, loading is performed of a threshold level “a” on the basisof which it is determined whether an increase or a decrease has occurredin angular-velocity data within one sampling period. It is possible toset a value corresponding to the frequency and amplitude of a vibrationon the basis of the threshold level “a” and the sampling period.

In Step S315, the absolute value of the amount of variation of theangular-velocity data within one sampling period is compared with thethreshold level “a”. If it is determined that the absolute value has notreached the threshold level “a”, the process proceeds to Step S324, inwhich the process is brought to an end. If it is determined that theabsolute value has reached the threshold level “a” (if the absolutevalue of the amount of variation is not less than the threshold level“a”), the process proceeds to Step S316, in which it is determinedwhether the amount of variation of the angular velocity is positive (anincrease) or negative (a decrease). If it is positive, the processproceeds to Step S317, in which the increase flag 1 is set to the Hlevel. If it is not positive (if a decrease occurs in the amount ofvariation of the angular velocity), the process proceeds to Step S318,in which the decrease flag 2 is set to the H level. Then, the processproceeds to Step S324.

If it is determined in Step S303 that the count value of the timecounter t has reached the frequency detection time T, the processproceeds to Step S319, in which the number-of-vibration counter N1 isloaded. In Step S320, the number of vibrations, “N1”, is divided by thefrequency detection time T to obtain the number of vibrations (avibration frequency F) per unit time (1 second).

In Step S321, the number-of-vibration counter N1 is cleared. In StepS322, the time counter t is cleared. In Step S323, the vibrationfrequency F is stored in a predetermined storage area, and the processproceeds to Step S304. The subsequent operations are as describedpreviously.

As described above, since one pair of an increase and a decrease in theangular-velocity signal is regarded as one vibration, it is possible toeasily realize detection of a vibration frequency from which a vibrationcomponent of low frequency (for example, 1 Hz or below) is eliminated.Further, by setting the threshold level “a”, it is possible to eliminatethe influence of a noise component. In addition, the above-describedprocessing is easily realized because a microcomputer is employed.

It is to be noted that in the above-described system, it is possible tovary the accuracy of detection by altering the setting of the frequencydetection time T. For example, if the frequency detection time T is setto 1 second, a resolution of 1 Hz is selected, and, in the case of 2seconds, a resolution of 0.5 Hz is selected.

Accordingly, it is possible to realize the accuracy of detectioncorresponding to a detected frequency by altering the frequencydetection time T in accordance with the detected vibration frequency F.For example, if the detected vibration frequency F is 10 Hz or below,the frequency detection time T is set to T=2 seconds so that detectionis performed with an accuracy of 0.5 Hz. If the detected vibrationfrequency F is 10 Hz or above, the frequency detection time T is set toT=1 second so that detection is performed with an accuracy of 1 Hz. Inthis manner, it is possible to reduce the time required to detect avibration frequency.

In this system, even if a low-frequency vibration and a high-frequencyvibration occur at the same time, it is possible to take out thehigh-frequency vibration.

The range of vibration frequencies which can be corrected by theabove-described image-shake correcting device is normally on the orderof 1 Hz to 15 Hz in the case of a camera shake which is caused by a handof a user during photography. It has also been discovered that thefrequencies of a vibration of comparatively large amplitude aredistributed within a comparatively narrow frequency range (frequencyrange) according to the degree of skill of a photographer and the stateof photography. For example, if the photographer performs photography ina still state, a vibration of approximately 3 Hz to 5 Hz exhibits alarge amplitude, while if the photographer performs photography in arunning vehicle, a vibration of approximately 6 Hz to 10 Hz exhibits alarge amplitude. In the case of photography using a tripod, a vibrationof high frequency tends to distinctly appear and the components of thevibration are distributed up to 20 Hz to 30 Hz or more.

The above-described embodiment has the following advantages. Oneadvantage is that since the center frequency of a vibration is detected,it is possible to provide one item which is useful in making a decisionas to the state of photography.

Another advantage is that it is possible to achieve optimum correctionaccording to the degree of skill of a photographer, the state ofphotography or the like by combining the above-described embodiment withthe previously-described phase and gain correcting means.

It is assumed here that the state in which an image shake issubstantially corrected means that a residual vibration component issuppressed to −30 dB or below. This assumption is based on the fact thatsince the focal length of a photographic apparatus greatly influences animage-shake correction effect, for example, if the focal length doubles,it is impossible to achieve an equivalent effect in the obtained imageif the vibration suppression effect is not doubled.

However, even with a total image-shake suppressing effect realized bythe system including a vibration sensor for detecting a vibration and animage-shake correcting system, at the present, the amount of a residualvibration remaining after an image shake has been corrected can only besuppressed to −30 dB within a narrow frequency range compared to thefrequency range of a vibration to be corrected (for example, 1 Hz to 15Hz).

As a specific example, it is assumed that the frequency characteristicsobtained by the image-shake correcting means shown in FIG. 28 and theexisting angular-velocity sensor are as shown in FIGS. 25(a) and 25(b).

FIGS. 25(a) and 25(b) show the frequency characteristics of theimage-shake correcting system relative to an input of a vibration ofsinusoidal waveform which is applied to the vibration sensor 1 whichconstitutes the angular-velocity detecting means of FIG. 22. FIG. 25(a)shows a gain characteristic, and FIG. 25(b) shows a phasecharacteristic. The vertical axes of FIGS. 25(a) and 25(b) represent“gain” and “phase”, respectively, and the horizontal axes of FIGS. 25(a)and 25(b) represent “frequency” (1 Hz to 50 Hz).

In each of FIGS. 25(a) and 25(b), a characteristic 1 represents the gainor phase characteristic of frequency range 1 Hz to 50 Hz. Referring tothe characteristic 1 in the phase characteristic chart of FIG. 25(b),the phase of the characteristic 1 coincides with the phase of avibration at 3 Hz. As the frequency is lower, the advance of the phaseof the characteristic 1 increases by the influence of the HPF 310(cut-off frequency: 0.06 Hz) or the integrator 305 (cut-off frequency:0.07 Hz). As the frequency is higher, the delay of the phase of thecharacteristic 1 increases by the influence of the angular-velocitydetecting means 301 and the image correcting means 309. The gain isapproximately constant in the frequency range 1 Hz to 10 Hz.

The vibration suppression effect obtained on the basis of thecharacteristics 1 is shown in FIG. 27 as a characteristic 6. FIG. 27shows the effect of correction (vertical axis, dB) relative to afrequency (horizontal axis). As can be seen from FIG. 27, it is possibleto achieve the best correction at 3 Hz at which the phases coincide witheach other, and a vibration suppression effect of −30 dB isapproximately achieved at 2 Hz to 4 Hz. However, the vibrationsuppression effect obtained at 10 Hz is only −18 dB.

In other words, the vibration suppression effect is lowered by suchphase deviation.

If a characteristic having a phase advancing element represented by thefollowing transfer function is connected in series to correct the phasedelay of the characteristic 1, it is possible to correct the phase byusing a predetermined frequency:

H(S)=a(S+z)  (1)

In this method, the phase is made to advance by using the predeterminedfrequency which is set to a frequency higher than the frequency range ofa vibration to be suppressed. This is performed by the phase and gaincorrecting circuit 311.

For example, referring to the characteristic 1, a phase delay ofapproximately 7.5 degrees occurs at 10 Hz of the characteristic 1.Accordingly, if a phase is advanced by 7.5 degrees at 10 Hz, it ispossible to correct the phase delay so that a satisfactory, vibrationsuppression effect can be obtained.

The characteristic 2 shown in FIG. 25(b) is obtained by correcting thephase delay at 10 Hz of the characteristic 1 (by making the phasescoincident and making the gains coincident). This phase correction canbe set from z(=0) in the equation (1).

Also, the threshold level “a” is adjusted so that the gain becomes 0 dBat 10 Hz. If this adjustment is effected by the phase and gaincorrecting circuit 311, the characteristic 1 can be altered into acharacteristic 5, whereby a characteristic 7 having a vibrationsuppression effect can be obtained. It will be understood from thecharacteristic 7 that the best correction effect can be obtained at ornear 10 Hz. Incidentally, the characteristic 7 represents a residualvibration component expressed by:

20 Log(OUT/IN))  (2)

OUT: residual vibration component after vibration correction

IN: amount of vibration

In the case of 20 Hz as well, it is possible to obtain thecharacteristic 5 from the characteristic 1 by realizing thecharacteristic 4 by the phase and gain correcting circuit 311. Acharacteristic 8 represents a vibration suppression effect realized bythe characteristic 5, and the best vibration suppression effect isobtained at or near 20 Hz.

It is to be noted that if a digital filter is employed to realize thecharacteristic of the equation (1) in the phase and gain correctingcircuit 311, it is possible to set a desired characteristic by alteringa coefficient of the digital filter (refer to FIG. 22). Accordingly, thedigital filter is suitable for control using a microcomputer. If aprimary IIR filter is employed as the digital filter, the digital filtercan be realized by the following computations:

u₀=a₀·w₀+a₁·w₁

w₀=e₀+a₂·w₁

w_(1=w) ₀ (w₁: state variable)

e₀: input

u₀: output

a₀, a₁, a₂: filter coefficient

By altering the value of each of the filter coefficients a₀, a₁ and a₂,it is possible to set a desired frequency characteristic. Accordingly,data indicative of the filter coefficients a₀, a₁ and a₂ correspondingto different vibration frequencies are prepared as a table, and acomputation on the aforesaid IIR filter is performed by using a filtercoefficient obtained from the table.

According to the above-described eighth embodiment, the center frequencyof a vibration is detected by the frequency detecting means 313 on thebasis of an angular-velocity signal outputted from the angular-velocitydetecting means 311, and the filter characteristic of each digitalfilter of the phase and gain correcting circuit 311 can be varied sothat a control system can be subjected to phase advancing compensationwhich makes the phase and the gain of the entire control system 0degrees and 0 dB, respectively, at the center frequency of thevibration, i.e., which can realize the best vibration suppressioncharacteristic. Accordingly, it is possible to achieve the bestvibration suppression effect at any vibration frequency at any time.

It is only necessary to read and set the filter coefficients stored onthe data table in the microcomputer so that the characteristic of eachof the digital filters which constitute the phase and gain correctingcircuit 311 can exhibit a frequency characteristic corresponding to eachvibration frequency. Accordingly, it is possible to provide image-shakecorrecting device whose arrangement and control are simplified and whichis particularly suitable for control using a microcomputer.

If a photographer performs photography while holding, for example, avideo movie camera by the hand, a camera shake is distributed in acomparatively wide frequency range. However, a vibration ofcomparatively large amplitude is distributed in a comparatively narrowfrequency range in accordance with the degree of skill of thephotographer and the state of the photography. Accordingly, if it ispossible to provide an arrangement capable of achieving the bestcorrection effect in the center frequency range of such a vibration, itis possible to effect optimum correction corresponding to the degree ofskill of the photographer and the state of the photography (whether thephotography is being performed with the camera held by the hand, whetherthe photography is being performed with the camera mounted on a tripod,whether the photography is being performed in a running vehicle, and soon).

(Ninth Embodiment)

A ninth embodiment of the present invention will be described below withreference to FIG. 35. The circuit arrangement of an image-shakecorrecting device according to the ninth embodiment differs from thatshown in FIG. 22 in respect of the internal processing executed by amicrocomputer. Specifically, the output signal of the integrator 305 ofthe microcomputer COM3 shown in FIG. 35 is inputted into the frequencydetecting means 313 and the input is used for computation purpose. Thearrangement of the other constituent elements (inside and outside of themicrocomputer COM3) is similar to that shown in FIG. 22, and descriptionthereof is omitted.

In general, in the case of an angular-velocity signal of low frequency,the level of gain lowers and hence the sensitivity and accuracy ofdetection decrease. For this reason, according to the ninth embodiment,the capability to detect a vibration in a low-frequency range isimproved by utilizing the integral output of the integrator 305, i.e.,an angular-displacement signal. The ninth embodiment adopts a methodidentical to the above-described frequency detection method using theangular-velocity signal according to the eighth embodiment, andfrequency detection is performed by using the angular-displacementsignal outputted from the integrator 305.

If the angular-velocity signal is used in the system according to theeighth embodiment, the detection capability in the low-frequency rangemay be limited in relation to the dynamic range of an input signal. Forthis reason, in the ninth embodiment, the frequency detection using theangular-displacement signal is performed to improve the detectioncapability in the low-frequency range.

In general, in the case of an angular-velocity signal having a constantamplitude, as its frequency becomes higher, the magnitude of theangular-velocity signal increases. However, the level of gain does notincrease beyond a certain limited value in relation to the arrangementof the system. As a result, it is impossible to obtain a signal ofsufficient magnitude in the low-frequency range, so that the detectioncapability is limited.

In contrast, since the angular-displacement signal is an integralsignal, as long as the amplitude of a vibration is constant, theamplitude of the angular-displacement signal is naturally constantirrespective of the frequency of the vibration. Accordingly, theangular-displacement signal is suitable for the detection of thefrequency of a vibration of comparatively low frequency. However, as thefrequency of a vibration becomes higher, the amplitude of the vibrationbecomes smaller, so that it is difficult to detect the vibration in ahigh-frequency range.

In the ninth embodiment, to detect a vibration, the superior portions ofthe detection characteristics of the respective angular-velocity andangular-displacement signals are employed on the basis of theabove-described characteristics of both signals. Accordingly, it ispossible to improve the accuracy of detection over the entire frequencyrange of from the low-frequency range to the high-frequency range.

In the arrangement according to the ninth embodiment, it is preferablethat the angular-displacement signal outputted from the integrator 305be exclusively used for detection of a vibration in the low-frequencyrange, and that the sampling period of the angular-displacement signalbe delayed with respect to the sampling period of the angular-velocitysignal.

Finally, the larger one is selected between both detected vibrations.

(Tenth Embodiment)

FIG. 36 shows a tenth embodiment of the present invention. The tenthembodiment is arranged in such a manner that the HPF 310 serves aspanning processing means and the phase and gain correcting circuit 311shown in FIG. 35. The tenth embodiment has the following features: it isnot necessary to independently provide the phase and gain correctingcircuit 311; and since the frequency of a vibration lower than thecenter frequency thereof is cut off, operability is improved (the lowerthe vibration suppression capability of the image-shake correctingdevice in a low-frequency range, the higher the tracking capability ofthe image-shake correcting device with respect to a vibration of acamera or the like, so that the higher the cut-off frequency, the higherthe operability). In other words, a vibration is subjected to sufficientimage-shake correction at its center frequency, and if the centerfrequency of the vibration is high, the cut-off frequency of lowfrequency which is used by the HPF is made higher, whereby theoperability is improved.

The processing operation of a microcomputer COM4 used in the tenthembodiment will be described below with reference to the flowchart ofFIG. 37.

Referring to FIG. 37, when the process is started, the process proceedsto Step S401, in which an angular-velocity signal which is supplied fromthe angular-velocity detector 301 via the DC cut filter 302 and theamplifier 303 is converted into a digital signal by the A/D converter304. The digital signal is inputted into the microcomputer COM4. In StepS402, a decision is made as to panning and tilting as well as the stateof photography in a manner similar to that used in the ninth embodiment,on the basis of the angular-velocity signal and the angular-displacementsignal. On the basis of a variation in a vibration, a decision is madeas to whether the photography is being performed with the camera held bythe hand, whether the photography is being performed in a runningvehicle, and so on. If the angular-velocity signal is constant and theangular-displacement monotonously increases, a decision is made as topanning and tilting.

In Step S403, the center frequency of the vibration is obtained byperforming a computation on the angular-velocity signal. In Step S404, acharacteristic coefficient for setting the characteristic of the HPF 310is read on the basis of the result of the decision as to panning andtilting as well as the state of photography and the result of thedetection of the center frequency of the vibration.

Various methods of determining the characteristic coefficient areavailable in Step S403. For example, retrieval from a data table may beperformed on the basis of the values of the results of both decisions,or the characteristics indicated by individual characteristiccoefficients are compared, and a frequency coefficient indicative of ahigher cut-off frequency may be set. Basically, control is performed sothat, during panning or tilting, the cut-off frequency of the HPF isshifted toward a high-frequency side with respect to the cut-offfrequency of the HPF obtained from the result of the detection of thecenter frequency of the vibration.

The coefficients corresponding to panning and tilting as well as thestate of photography are values obtained from experience.

In Step S405, a computation on the frequency characteristic of the HPF310 is performed on the basis of the aforesaid characteristiccoefficient. In Step S406, the output signal of the HPF 310 is convertedinto an angular-displacement signal (image-shake correction signal) byan integration computation performed by the integrator 305.

In Step S407, the result of the integration computation, i.e., thecorrected angular-displacement signal is converted into an analog signalby the D/A converter 307 or into a pulse signal such as a PWM signal,and the analog signal or the pulse signal is outputted from themicrocomputer COM4. The output of the microcomputer COM4 is supplied tothe driving circuit 308 and the image correcting means 309 is driven tooperate in the direction in which the image shake is corrected, therebyeffecting an image-shake correcting operation.

(Eleventh Embodiment)

According to how is the characteristic of the angular-velocity detectingmeans or the image correcting system or how the angular-velocitydetecting means and the image correcting system are combined with eachother, the image-shake correction may have the opposite effect on thefrequency characteristics of the entire system within a particularfrequency range, for example, 30 Hz or above.

This frequency range is determined by the limits of the detectioncharacteristics of an angular-velocity sensor which constitutes theangular-velocity detecting means and the correction limits of theimage-shake correcting means, such as a VAP. As the frequency of avibration becomes higher, it becomes difficult for a vibration detectingsystem and the image correcting system to track the vibration withoutany delay, and a phase delay increases. At a particular frequency, thephase of the vibration and the driving phase of the VAP coincide witheach other, so that the vibration may be amplified.

According to the eleventh embodiment, to prevent occurrence of theaforesaid opposite effect, the operation of the image correcting systemis stopped if a frequency within the frequency range in which theimage-shake correction has the opposite effect is detected by thefrequency detecting means 313.

In the eleventh embodiment, the circuit arrangement shown in FIG. 22 maybe employed. If the frequency detecting means 313 detects theabove-described frequency range, the microcomputer COM2 computes aninhibit signal and outputs the inhibit signal to the driving circuit 308so that the driving circuit 308 holds the correcting system, such as theVAP, at the center point of the image-shake correction range thereof.

The processing operation of the microcomputer COM2 according to theeleventh embodiment will be described below with reference to theflowchart of FIG. 38. In the following flowchart, it is assumed that theimage-shake correction provides the opposite effect at 30 Hz or above.

Referring to FIG. 38, when control is started, the process proceeds toStep S501, in which an angular-velocity signal supplied from theangular-velocity detector 301 via the DC cut filter 302 and theamplifier 303 is converted into a digital signal by the A/D converter304, and the digital signal is inputted into the microcomputer COM2.

If it is determined in Step S502 that the frequency of a vibration hasreached 30 Hz, the process proceeds to Step S511. If the frequency ofthe vibration has not reached 30 Hz, the process proceeds to Step S503.

In Step S503, a decision is made as to panning and tilting as well asthe state of photography, on the basis of the angular-velocity signaland the angular-displacement signal. In Step S504, a characteristiccoefficient for setting the characteristic of the HPF 310 is read on thebasis of the result of the decision. Incidentally, the coefficientscorresponding to panning and tilting as well as the state of photographyare values obtained from experience.

In Step S505, a computation on the frequency characteristic of the HPF310 is performed on the basis of the aforesaid characteristiccoefficient. In Step S506, the output signal of the HPF 310 is convertedinto an angular-displacement signal (image-shake correction signal) byan integration computation performed by the integrator 305. In StepS507, the center frequency of the vibration is detected by performing acomputation on the angular-velocity signal.

In Step S508, coefficients for phase and gain correction correspondingto the vibration frequency obtained in Step S507 are read. In Step S509,a correction computation is performed on the basis of the coefficientsobtained in Step S508.

In Step S510, the obtained result of the computation, i.e., a correctedangular-displacement signal, is converted into an analog signal by theD/A converter 307 and into a pulse signal such as a PWM signal. Theanalog signal or the pulse signal is outputted from the microcomputerCOM2 to the driving circuit 308, and the image correcting means 309 suchas a VAP is driven, thus bringing the process to an end.

If it is determined in Step S502 that the vibration frequency F is 30 Hzor above, i.e., the vibration frequency F is in a frequency range inwhich the image-shake correction has the opposite effect, the processproceeds to Step S511, in which resetting of the image correcting systemis performed to hold the image correcting system at the center point ofthe image-shake correction range thereof. In Step S512, the centerfrequency of the vibration is detected on the basis of theangular-velocity signal, and the process is brought to an end. Thus, onecycle of the processing of the flowchart of FIG. 38 is completed.

The flowchart of FIG. 38 shows one cycle of the processing, and isrepeated in practice.

Means for setting the image correcting system will be described below. Astepping motor such as that shown in FIG. 30 may be used as the imagecorrecting system. In this arrangement, if no signal is transmitted, thestepping motor is at a standstill at the current state. Accordingly, thestepping motor is returned to and stopped at its center position.

A voice-coil motor such as that shown in FIG. 28 may be employed as theimage correcting system. In this arrangement, a center-position signalmay be outputted as the control signal 420. However, if a high-frequencyvibration is applied due to the relationship between the mass of the VAPor the like and the torque of the voice coil, the image correctingsystem may be unable to be held at the center position. For this reason,although not shown, it is preferable to use a mechanism lock part formechanically holding the VAP.

As described above, according to the eleventh embodiment of theimage-shake correcting device, the primary frequency range of avibration during photography is detected on the basis of a signaloutputted from the angular-velocity detecting means, such as a vibrationgyro, which is used for vibration detection, and the detected vibrationfrequency is employed for control purpose, whereby it is possible toachieve optimum image-shake correction corresponding to any photographiccondition and environment.

Another advantage of the eleventh embodiment is that since a maximumcorrection effect can be achieved at the primary frequency band of avibration applied to the photographic apparatus including theimage-shake correcting device, it is possible to efficiently correct animage shake due to an applied vibration having a specific frequencydistribution.

A twelfth embodiment of the present invention will be described below.First of all, the background of the twelfth embodiment will bedescribed.

To photograph a continuous scene, an image-shake correcting device usedin a photographic apparatus, particularly a video movie camera such as avideo camera, needs to have the ability to distinguish an unnecessaryvibration, such as an unintended camera shake, from a photographers'intentional motion such as panning or tilting. (This ability is referredto as the “panning detection”.)

The basic arrangement of the image-shake correcting device related tothe twelfth embodiment is, for example, as shown in FIG. 39.

Referring to FIG. 39, the vibration detecting system of the apparatus isprovided with a gyro sensor 701. An angular-velocity electrical signal702 outputted from the gyro sensor 701 is supplied to a high-pass filter703. The high-pass filter 703 can alter its high-frequency passcharacteristic in response to a control signal S701. The output of thehigh-pass filter 703 is supplied to an integrating circuit 706 via abuffer amplifier 704. The integrating circuit 706 can alter itsintegration characteristic in response to a control signal S702. Anoutput signal 707 serves as angular-velocity information.

The image-shake correcting system of-the image-shake correcting deviceincludes a variable angle prism 710 capable of varying the direction ofprogression of incident light, and angular-velocity information 711 isconverted into an electrical signal 713 by a sensor 712. A drivingdigital signal 718 from a microcomputer 717 is converted into a drivinganalog signal by a D/A conversion circuit 719. The driving analog signalis supplied to a driving device 722 as a driving signal 721 via anelectric-power amplifying circuit 720. The driving device 722 generatesa driving force 723 to operate the variable angle prism 710.

Accordingly, photographic incident light 751 is formed into transmittedlight 752 by adjusting the angle of the photographic incident light 751.The transmitted light 752 passes through an image-forming optical system753 and is focused on an image pickup device 754. The image pickupdevice 754 outputs an image pickup signal 755.

The control system of the image-shake correcting device includes themicrocomputer 717. An input selecting signal S704 outputted from themicrocomputer 717 is supplied to a selecting circuit 714, while thesignal 707 or 713 is supplied to an AID conversion circuit 715. Theselected signal is converted into a digital signal 716 by A/D conversionexecuted by the A/D conversion circuit 715, and the digital signal 716is inputted into the microcomputer 717.

The basic operation of the image-shake correcting device having theabove-described system arrangement will be described below.

In the image-shake correcting device, the output signal 707 and theelectrical signal 713 are subtracted from each other, and the drivingdigital signal 718 is outputted on the basis of the result of thesubtraction. The image-shake correcting device is controlled so that thesignals 707 and 713 are equivalent to each other at all times.

Specifically, the range of variation of the apex angle of the variableangle prism 710 has limits in its positive and negative directions,respectively. If the variable angle prism 710 is to be driven to varybeyond either of the limits, the variable angle prism 710 abruptly stopsto cause an abrupt variation in an image, thereby extremely distortingthe image. Further, a large load is applied to the correcting system.For these reasons, it is necessary to control the variable angle prism710 as carefully as possible so that the range of variation of the apexangle does not exceed either of the limits. Although it is notparticularly necessary to cope with a variation of small amplitude, ifno measures are taken against a vibration of large amplitude, panning ortilting, a large variation easily occurs in an integral voltage, withthe result that either of the limits is ignored. A method for copingwith the above-described problem will be described below with referenceto the flowchart shown in FIG. 40.

The shown system monitors the value (x) of the signal 713. If the value(x) exceeds a first predetermined value (V1), the characteristic of thehigh-pass filter 703 is shifted toward a higher-frequency side by thecontrol signal S701, thereby limiting a large variation of a lowfrequency due to panning or tilting. (While a normal mode is called“mode 0” (Step S501), the state in which the large variation of the lowfrequency is limited is called “mode 1” (Step S504).) If the value (x)of the signal 713 exceeds a second predetermined value (V2) greater thanthe first predetermined value (V1) (Step S503), the characteristic ofthe integrating circuit 706 is varied by the control signal S702 in thedirection in which a centripetal force becomes stronger (for example, 5seconds→2 seconds (time constant)) (mode 2). Thus, the variable angleprism 710 is brought to a stop within the limits (Step S505). In thissystem, whether the mode 1 or 2 is to be changed to the mode 0 isdetermined by a timer (Step S506).

According to the above-described method, by altering the characteristicof the arrangement up to the integrating circuit 706 by means of thepanning detection, it is possible to realize a good, image-shakecorrection characteristic within the correction limits of the correctingsystem. However, since the characteristic is altered in such a way thata detection frequency range is made narrow, information about panning ortilting is interrupted. Also, although the characteristic altered by thepanning detection is maintained for a certain predetermined time, if thepredetermined time elapses, the altered characteristic is returned to anormal characteristic. In actual photography, a photographer mayintentionally complete panning or tilting before the predetermined timeelapses, or may intentionaly continue panning or tilting after thepredetermined time elapses. In such a case, it is not always possible toexecute optimum panning detection and control.

Accordingly, an object of the twelfth embodiment is to provide animage-shake correcting device capable of executing optimum panningdetection and control at all times.

To achieve the above object, according to the twelfth embodiment, thereis provided an image-shake correcting device which includes a filtercircuit arranged to pass therethrough only a high-frequency component ofan angular-velocity signal outputted from an angular-velocity detectingelement and also arranged to vary its frequency characteristics inresponse to a first control signal, and an integrating circuit arrangedto integrate the angular-velocity signal passing through the filtercircuit and outputting an angle signal and also arranged to vary theangle signal on the basis of a time constant set by a second controlsignal, the image-shake correcting device being arranged to control thecharacteristic of each of the filter circuit and the integrating circuitby the first and second control signals, thereby eliminating anunnecessary vibration component. The image-shake correcting device isalso provided with signal processing means for performing signalprocessing of an output of the angular-velocity detecting elementwithout using the filter circuit nor the integrating circuit, therebydetecting an angular displacement. The image-shake correcting devicedetermines whether an input status of the unnecessary vibrationcomponent is complete, on the basis of an output of the signalprocessing means, and returns, if the input status of the unnecessaryvibration component is complete, the characteristic of each of thefilter circuit and the integrating circuit to a characteristiccorresponding to a normal mode.

In the above-described arrangement, it is determined whether the inputstatus of the unnecessary vibration component is complete, on the basisof the output signal of the signal processing means. More specifically,since the input of the unnecessary vibration component is limited in thecase of the output signal of the integrating circuit for integrating theangular-velocity signal passing through the filter circuit, it isimpossible to detect whether the input status of the unnecessaryvibration component is complete, from the output signal of theintegrating circuit. However, since such limitation is not contained inthe output signal of the signal processing means, it is always possibleto detect the presence or absence of the input of the unnecessaryvibration component by tracking the variation of the value of the outputsignal of the signal processing means. In the above-described manner, itis quickly detected that the input status of the unnecessary vibrationcomponent is complete, whereby the characteristic of each of the filtercircuit and the integrating circuit is returned to the characteristiccorresponding to the normal mode.

(Twelfth Embodiment)

FIG. 41 is a block diagram showing the twelfth embodiment of theimage-shake correcting device according to the present invention.

The shown image-shake correcting device is provided in a photographicapparatus such as a video movie camera, and includes a detecting systemfor detecting a vibration component applied to a camera body, acorrecting system for eliminating an necessary vibration component, anda control system for controlling the detecting system and the correctingsystem.

In the detecting system of the image-shake correcting device shown inFIG. 41, a gyro sensor (angular-velocity detecting element) 801 outputsan electrical signal 802 corresponding to a detected angular velocity.The angular-velocity electrical signal 802 is supplied to a high-passfilter 803. The high-pass filter 803 is made up of a capacitor C1 and aresistor R1, and the high-frequency pass characteristic of the high-passfilter 803 can be altered by varying the resistance value of theresistor R1 by a control signal S801 supplied from a microcomputer 817which will be described later. A buffer amplifier 804 and an integratingcircuit 806 are sequentially connected to the output side of thehigh-pass filter 803.

The buffer amplifier 804 supplies a signal 805 of low impedance to theintegrating circuit 806, and the integrating circuit 806 is made up ofan operational amplifier A1, a capacitor C2, a resistor R2 and aresistor R3. The integration characteristic of the integrating circuit806 can be altered by varying the resistance value of the resistor R3 bya control signal S802 supplied from the microcomputer 817. An outputsignal 807 from the integrating circuit 806 represents angular-velocityinformation.

The electrical signal 802 is simultaneously supplied to an integratingcircuit (signal processing means) 808. The integrating circuit 808 ismade up of an operational amplifier A2, a capacitor C3, a resistor R4and a switch SW1, and the switch SW1 opens and closes in accordance witha control signal S803 to reset an integral voltage. An output signal 809of the integrating circuit 808 is supplied to the input side of aselecting circuit 814. The output signal 809 also representsangular-velocity information, but differs from the output signal 807 ofthe integrating circuit 806 in that the output signal 809 is obtained byintegrating the angular-velocity electrical signal 802 which is not atall processed. It is, therefore, possible to accurately grasp themovement of the camera body by monitoring the output signal 809.

The correcting system includes a variable angle prism 810 capable ofvarying the apex angle thereof by an external force and altering thedirection of progression of incident light. The structure of thevariable angle prism 810 is such that a liquid is charged into the spacebetween two glasses which are movably connected by a bellows.Angular-velocity information 811 from the variable angle prism 810 isconverted into an electrical signal 813 by a sensor 812 and theelectrical signal 813 is supplied to the input side of the microcomputer817.

A driving digital signal 818 from the microcomputer 817 is convertedinto a driving analog signal by a D/A conversion circuit 819, and thedriving analog signal is amplified by an electric-power amplifyingcircuit 820, thereby preparing a driving signal 821. The driving signal821 is outputted to a driving device 822. The driving device 822generates a driving force 823 to operate the variable angle prism 810.

Photographic incident light 851 has its angle adjusted by the variableangle prism 810 and is formed into transmitted light 852. Thetransmitted light 852 passes through an image-forming optical system 853and is focused on an image pickup device 854, and an image pickup signal855 is outputted from the image pickup device 854.

The control system includes the microcomputer 817. An input selectingsignal S804 is applied to the selecting circuit 814, and any one of thesignals 807, 809 and 813 is supplied to an A/D conversion circuit 815.The selected signal is converted into a digital signal 816 by A/Dconversion executed by the A/D conversion circuit 815, and the digitalsignal 816 is inputted into the microcomputer 817.

The basic operation of the image-shake correcting device having theabove-described system arrangement will be describe below.

The basic operation of the entire system is as follows: The outputsignal 807 supplied from the integrating circuit 806 is subtracted fromthe electrical signal 813 supplied from the sensor 812, and the digitalsignal 816 is outputted on the basis of the resultant value, wherebycontrol is executed so that the output signal 807 and the output signal813 are made equal to each other at all times.

A process for coping with a vibration of large amplitude, panning ortilting in accordance with the twelfth embodiment will be describedbelow with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. 42.

In the shown system, a value x of the output signal 813 from the sensor812 (which is basically equal to the signal 809) is monitored. In thecase of the normal mode (mode=0), the value x is within a firstpredetermined value (V1) (Step S601). If the mode 1 is selected in whichthe value x of the output signal 813 exceeds the first predeterminedvalue (V1), the value of the resistor R1 is made small by the controlsignal S801, thereby shifting the characteristic of the high-pass filter803 toward a high-frequency side (for example, 0.1 Hz→1 Hz). Thus, alarge variation of a low frequency due to panning or tilting is limited(Step S602).

Then, the value x of the output signal 813 is compared with a secondpredetermined value (V2) greater than the first predetermined value(Step S603). If the value x is within the second predetermined value(V2), the aforesaid operation in the mode 1 is continued (Step S604). Ifthe mode 2 is selected in which the value x exceeds the predeterminedvalue (V2), the value of the resistor R3 is made small by the controlsignal S802, thereby varying the characteristic of the integratingcircuit 806 in the direction in which a centripetal force becomesstronger (for example, 5 seconds→2 seconds (time constant)). Thus, thevariable angle prism 810 is brought to a stop within the limits (StepS605).

However, the above-described process lowers the characteristics of animage-shake correcting function similarly to the arrangement which isshown in FIGS. 39 and 40 as the background of the twelfth embodiment.

For this reason, in the twelfth embodiment, in Step S606, it is quicklydetected whether an undesired input status (an input of an unnecessaryvibration component) is complete, and as soon as it is detected that theundesired input status is complete, the characteristics of the high-passfilter 803 and the integrating circuit 806 are returned to thecharacteristics corresponding to the normal mode. Whether the undesiredinput status is complete is determined on the basis of the output signal809 of the integrating circuit 808. In the case of the output signal 807of the integrating circuit 806, since the input of the undesired signalis limited in either of the mode 1 and the mode 2, it is impossible todetect whether the input status of the undesired signal is complete. Incontrast, since such limitation is not at all contained in the outputsignal 809 of the integrating circuit 808, it is always possible todetect the presence or absence of the input of the undesired signal bytracking the variation of the value of the output signal 809.

The aforesaid decision using the output signal 809 is made according towhether the output signal 809 is a vibrational signal whose valuecrosses zero or a monotonous increase signal. If the output signal 809continues to be the monotonous increase signal, it is determined thatthe panning detection has not been completed. Incidentally, the switchSW1 is provided for resetting the value of the output signal 809 to zeroby being closed by the control signal S803 when the output signal 809tends to be saturated. Accordingly, the switch SW1 does not hinder adecision to be made as to the status of the angle signal.

(Thirteenth Embodiment)

FIG. 43 is a block diagram showing the arrangement of a thirteenthembodiment of the image-shake correcting device according to the presentinvention.

The thirteenth embodiment differs from the twelfth embodiment in thefollowing respects. In the thirteenth embodiment, an amplifying circuit828 is substituted for the integrating circuit 808 as signal processingmeans which constitutes a detecting system for detecting an angulardisplacement, so that a method of directly monitoring an angularvelocity is adopted. Regarding a correcting system, the optical systemof the variable angle prism 810 is omitted, and an image signalprocessing circuit 856 connected to the output side of the image pickupdevice 854 is employed. A signal produced by image processing executedby the image signal processing circuit 856 is further processed, as bycontrolling the timing of a synchronizing signal, and the thus-processedsignal is used in the correcting system. Incidentally, in FIG. 43,reference numeral 830 denotes a readout address specifying signal.

The detecting system according to the thirteenth embodiment has theadvantages that it is possible to simplify the circuit arrangement ofthe detecting system and that it is possible to comparatively rapidlymake a decision as to the presence or absence of an undesired signalinput. The correcting system according to the thirteenth embodiment hasthe advantage that the correcting system can be constructed of a reducednumber of hardware parts.

As described above in detail, according to the third embodiment, thereis provided an image-shake correcting device which includes a filtercircuit arranged to pass therethrough only a high-frequency component ofan angular-velocity signal outputted from an angular-velocity detectingelement and also arranged to vary its frequency characteristics inresponse to a first control signal, and an integrating circuit forintegrating the angular-velocity signal passing through the filtercircuit and outputting an angle signal, the integrating circuit beingarranged to vary the angle signal on the basis of a time constant set bya second control signal, the image-shake correcting device beingarranged to control the characteristic of each of the filter circuit andthe integrating circuit by the first and second control signals, therebyeliminating an unnecessary vibration component. The image-shakecorrecting device is also provided with signal processing means forperforming signal processing of an output of the angular-velocitydetecting element without using the filter circuit nor the integratingcircuit, thereby detecting an angular displacement. The image-shakecorrecting device determines whether an input status of the unnecessaryvibration component is complete, on the basis of an output of the signalprocessing means, and returns, if the input status of the unnecessaryvibration component is complete, the characteristic of each of thefilter circuit and the integrating circuit to a characteristiccorresponding to a normal mode. Accordingly, it is possible toaccurately and rapidly make a decision as to the presence or absence ofthe unnecessary vibration component in a status such as panning, wherebyit is possible to execute optimum panning detection control at alltimes.

What is claimed is:
 1. A shake compensating apparatus, comprising: a)detecting means for detecting a shake of the apparatus; b) filter meansfor extracting a predetermined frequency component signal; c) computingmeans for computing a compensation value on the basis of thepredetermined frequency component signal and a time delay between saidshake and a shake detecting operation of said detecting means; and d)compensating means for compensating a movement of an image caused by theshake of the apparatus on the basis of the compensation value.
 2. Anapparatus according to claim 1, wherein said compensating meanscompensates the movement of the image with an image signal.
 3. A shakecompensating apparatus, comprising: a) detecting means for detecting ashake of the apparatus and outputting a shake detecting value; b) delaycorrecting means for correcting the shake detecting value output fromsaid detecting means so as to compensate a time delay between the shakeand a shake detecting operation of said detecting means; c) computingmeans for computing a shake compensation value on the basis of an outputof said delay correcting means; and d) compensating means forcompensating a movement of an image caused by the shake of the apparatuson the basis of the compensation value.
 4. An apparatus according toclaim 3, wherein said delay correcting means compensates the time delayin an analog signal process.
 5. An apparatus according to claim 3,wherein said delay correcting means compensates the time delay in adigital signal process.
 6. An apparatus according to claim 3, whereinsaid compensating means compensates the movement of the image with animage signal.
 7. An apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising:gain correcting means for correcting a gain of detecting means.
 8. Acamera apparatus comprising: a) shake detecting means; b) phasecorrecting means for shifting a phase of an output of said shakedetecting means by a predetermined amount corresponding to a delay of ashake detecting operation of said shake detecting means; c) computingmeans for computing a shake correcting signal on the basis of an outputof said phase correcting means; and d) correcting means for correcting amovement of an image caused by shake on the basis of the shakecorrecting signal outputted by said computing means.
 9. A cameraapparatus according to claim 8, wherein said phase correcting meansperforms a phase advance correction which compensates delay of the phaseof the output of said shake correcting means.
 10. An apparatus accordingto claim 8, wherein said phase correcting means shifts the phase in ananalog signal process.
 11. An apparatus according to claim 8, whereinsaid phase correcting means shifts the phase in a digital signalprocess.
 12. An apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said correctingmeans compensates the movement of the image with an image signal.
 13. Anapparatus according to claim 8, further comprising: gain correctingmeans for correcting a gain of said shake detecting means.
 14. A cameraapparatus comprising: a) shake detecting means; b) filter means forperforming phase advance compensation which advances a phase of anoutput of said shake detecting means on the basis of a delay of a shakedetecting operation of said shake detecting means; c) computing meansfor computing a shake correcting signal on the basis of an output ofsaid filter means; and d) correcting means for correcting a movement ofan image caused by shake on the basis of the shake correcting signaloutputted from said computing means.
 15. An apparatus according to claim14, wherein said filter means advances the phase in an analog signalprocess.
 16. An apparatus according to claim 14, wherein said filtermeans advances the phase in a digital signal process.
 17. An apparatusaccording to claim 14, wherein said correcting means compensates themovement of the image with an image signal.
 18. An apparatus accordingto claim 14, further comprising: gain correcting means for correcting again of said shake detecting means.
 19. A camera apparatus comprising:a) an angle speed sensor for detecting shake; b) correcting means forcorrecting a shake of an image caused by the shake according to anoutput of said angle speed sensor; and c) delay compensating means,located between said angle speed sensor and said correcting means, forcompensating a delay in detection of generation of the shake.
 20. Anapparatus according to claim 19, wherein said delay compensating meanscompensates the delay in an analog signal process.
 21. An apparatusaccording to claim 19, wherein said delay compensating means compensatesthe delay in a digital signal process.
 22. An apparatus according toclaim 19, wherein said correcting means corrects the movement of theimage with an image signal.
 23. An apparatus according to claim 19,further comprising: gain correcting means for correcting a gain of anglespeed sensor.
 24. A camera comprising: a) an angle speed sensor fordetecting shake; b) correcting means for correcting a movement of animage caused by the shake according to an output of said angle speedsensor; and c) phase compensating means for compensating a predetermineddelay in a transmission system formed by said angle speed sensor andsaid correcting means.
 25. A camera according to claim 24, wherein saidphase compensating means compensates the predetermined delay in ananalog signal process.
 26. A camera according to claim 24, wherein saidphase compensating means compensates the predetermined delay in adigital signal process.
 27. A camera according to claim 24, wherein saidcorrecting means compensates the movement of the image with an imagesignal.
 28. A camera according to claim 24, further comprising: gaincorrecting means for correcting a gain of said shake detecting means.29. An apparatus comprising: a shake detection device; a compensationdevice that compensates a shake of an image in accordance with saidshake detection device; and a delay correction device that corrects ashake detection time delay between the shake and a shake detectionoperation of said shake detection device.
 30. An apparatus according toclaim 29, wherein said delay correction device comprises a filter. 31.An apparatus according to claim 29, wherein said delay correction deviceadvances a phase of an output of said shake detection device.
 32. Anapparatus according to claim 29, wherein said delay correction devicecorrects the shake detection delay in an analog signal process.
 33. Anapparatus according to claim 29, wherein said delay correction devicecorrects the shake detection delay in a digital signal process.
 34. Anapparatus according to claim 29, wherein said compensation devicecompensates the shake of the image with an image signal.
 35. Anapparatus according to claim 29, further comprising: gain correctingmeans for correcting a gain of said shake detection device.
 36. Anapparatus according to claim 29, wherein said apparatus comprises acamera.
 37. An apparatus according to claim 29, wherein said apparatuscomprises an optical apparatus.